高效查看MySQL帮助文档的方法

在mysql的使用过程中, 可能经常会遇到以下问题:

某个操作语法忘记了, 如何快速查找?
如何快速知道当前版本上某个字段类型的取值范围?
当前版本都支持哪些函数?希望有例子说明…
当前版本是否支持某个功能?
对于上面列出的问题, 我们可能想到的方法是查找MySQL的文档, 这些问题在官方文档都可以很清楚地查到, 但是却要耗费大量的时间和精力.

所以对于以上问题, 最好的解决办法就是使用MySQL安装后自带的帮助文档, 这样在遇到问题时就可以方便快捷地进行查询.

按层次查看帮助
查看目录
如果不知道帮助能够提供些什么, 可以用"? contents"命令来显示所有可供查询的分类, 如下例所示:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

mysql> ? contents

You asked for help about help category: “Contents”

For more information, type 'help ', where is one of the following

categories:

Account Management

Administration

Compound Statements

Data Definition

Data Manipulation

Data Types

Functions

Functions and Modifiers for Use with GROUP BY

Geographic Features

Help Metadata

Language Structure

Plugins

Procedures

Storage Engines

Table Maintenance

Transactions

User-Defined Functions

Utility

查看数据类型
对于列出的分类, 可以使用"? 类别名称"的方式针对用户感兴趣的内容做进一步的查看, 例如, 想看看MySQL都支持哪些数据类型, 可以执行"? data tyeps"命令:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

mysql> ? data types

You asked for help about help category: “Data Types”

For more information, type 'help ', where is one of the following

topics:

AUTO_INCREMENT

BIGINT

BINARY

BIT

BLOB

BLOB DATA TYPE

BOOLEAN

CHAR

CHAR BYTE

DATE

DATETIME

DEC

DECIMAL

DOUBLE

DOUBLE PRECISION

ENUM

FLOAT

INT

INTEGER

LONGBLOB

LONGTEXT

MEDIUMBLOB

MEDIUMINT

MEDIUMTEXT

SET DATA TYPE

SMALLINT

TEXT

TIME

TIMESTAMP

TINYBLOB

TINYINT

TINYTEXT

VARBINARY

VARCHAR

YEAR DATA TYPE

上面列出了此版本支持的所有数据类型, 如果想知道int类型的具体介绍, 也可以利用上面的方法, 做进一步的查看:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

mysql> ? int

Name: ‘INT’

Description:

INT[(M)] [UNSIGNED] [ZEROFILL]

A normal-size integer. The signed range is -2147483648 to 2147483647.

The unsigned range is 0 to 4294967295.

URL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/numeric-type-overview.html

查看函数
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

mysql> ? functions

You asked for help about help category: “Functions”

For more information, type 'help ', where is one of the following

categories:

Bit Functions

Comparison operators

Control flow functions

Date and Time Functions

Encryption Functions

Information Functions

Logical operators

Miscellaneous Functions

Numeric Functions

String Functions

再根据列出的目录查看相应函数,比如查看都有什么日期函数

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

mysql> ? Date and Time Functions

You asked for help about help category: “Date and Time Functions”

For more information, type 'help ', where is one of the following

topics:

ADDDATE

ADDTIME

CONVERT_TZ

CURDATE

CURRENT_DATE

CURRENT_TIME

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP

CURTIME

DATE FUNCTION

DATEDIFF

DATE_ADD

DATE_FORMAT

DATE_SUB

DAY

DAYNAME

DAYOFMONTH

DAYOFWEEK

DAYOFYEAR

EXTRACT

FROM_DAYS

FROM_UNIXTIME

GET_FORMAT

HOUR

LAST_DAY

LOCALTIME

LOCALTIMESTAMP

MAKEDATE

MAKETIME

MICROSECOND

MINUTE

MONTH

MONTHNAME

NOW

PERIOD_ADD

PERIOD_DIFF

QUARTER

SECOND

SEC_TO_TIME

STR_TO_DATE

SUBDATE

SUBTIME

SYSDATE

TIME FUNCTION

TIMEDIFF

TIMESTAMP FUNCTION

TIMESTAMPADD

TIMESTAMPDIFF

TIME_FORMAT

TIME_TO_SEC

TO_DAYS

TO_SECONDS

UNIX_TIMESTAMP

UTC_DATE

UTC_TIME

UTC_TIMESTAMP

WEEK

WEEKDAY

WEEKOFYEAR

YEAR

YEARWEEK

快速查阅帮助
在实际应用当中, 如果需要快速查阅某项语法时, 可以使用关键字进行快速查询. 例如, 想知道show命令都能看到什么东西, 可以用如下命令:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

mysql> ? show

Name: ‘SHOW’

Description:

SHOW has many forms that provide information about databases, tables,

columns, or status information about the server. This section describes

those following:

SHOW AUTHORS

SHOW {BINARY | MASTER} LOGS

SHOW BINLOG EVENTS [IN ‘log_name’] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]

SHOW CHARACTER SET [like_or_where]

SHOW COLLATION [like_or_where]

SHOW [FULL] COLUMNS FROM tbl_name [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]

SHOW CONTRIBUTORS

SHOW CREATE DATABASE db_name

SHOW CREATE EVENT event_name

SHOW CREATE FUNCTION func_name

SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE proc_name

SHOW CREATE TABLE tbl_name

SHOW CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name

SHOW CREATE VIEW view_name

SHOW DATABASES [like_or_where]

SHOW ENGINE engine_name {STATUS | MUTEX}

SHOW [STORAGE] ENGINES

SHOW ERRORS [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]

SHOW EVENTS

SHOW FUNCTION CODE func_name

SHOW FUNCTION STATUS [like_or_where]

SHOW GRANTS FOR user

SHOW INDEX FROM tbl_name [FROM db_name]

SHOW MASTER STATUS

SHOW OPEN TABLES [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]

SHOW PLUGINS

SHOW PROCEDURE CODE proc_name

SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS [like_or_where]

SHOW PRIVILEGES

SHOW [FULL] PROCESSLIST

SHOW PROFILE [types] [FOR QUERY n] [OFFSET n] [LIMIT n]

SHOW PROFILES

SHOW SLAVE HOSTS

SHOW SLAVE STATUS

SHOW [GLOBAL | SESSION] STATUS [like_or_where]

SHOW TABLE STATUS [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]

SHOW [FULL] TABLES [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]

SHOW TRIGGERS [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]

SHOW [GLOBAL | SESSION] VARIABLES [like_or_where]

SHOW WARNINGS [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]

like_or_where:

LIKE 'pattern'

| WHERE expr

If the syntax for a given SHOW statement includes a LIKE ‘pattern’

part, ‘pattern’ is a string that can contain the SQL “%” and “_”

wildcard characters. The pattern is useful for restricting statement

output to matching values.

Several SHOW statements also accept a WHERE clause that provides more

flexibility in specifying which rows to display. See

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/extended-show.html.

URL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/show.html

例如, 想查看某个函数CONCAT的使用

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

mysql> ? concat

Name: ‘CONCAT’

Description:

Syntax:

CONCAT(str1,str2,…)

Returns the string that results from concatenating the arguments. May

have one or more arguments. If all arguments are nonbinary strings, the

result is a nonbinary string. If the arguments include any binary

strings, the result is a binary string. A numeric argument is converted

to its equivalent string form. This is a nonbinary string as of MySQL

5.5.3. Before 5.5.3, it is a binary string; to to avoid that and

produce a nonbinary string, you can use an explicit type cast, as in

this example:

SELECT CONCAT(CAST(int_col AS CHAR), char_col);

CONCAT() returns NULL if any argument is NULL.

URL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/string-functions.html

Examples:

mysql> SELECT CONCAT(‘My’, ‘S’, ‘QL’);

    -> 'MySQL'

mysql> SELECT CONCAT(‘My’, NULL, ‘QL’);

    -> NULL

mysql> SELECT CONCAT(14.3);

    -> '14.3'

又例如, 如果想查看create table的语法, 可以使用以下命令:

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

mysql> ? create table

Name: ‘CREATE TABLE’

Description:

Syntax:

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name

(create_definition,...)

[table_options]

[partition_options]

Or:

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name

[(create_definition,...)]

[table_options]

[partition_options]

select_statement

Or:

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name

{ LIKE old_tbl_name | (LIKE old_tbl_name) }

......

再举一个例子吧, 比如想查看创建用户GRANT语法怎么写

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

mysql> ? grant

Name: ‘GRANT’

Description:

Syntax:

GRANT

priv_type [(column_list)]

  [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...

ON [object_type] priv_level

TO user_specification [, user_specification] ...

[REQUIRE {NONE | ssl_option [[AND] ssl_option] ...}]

[WITH with_option ...]

GRANT PROXY ON user_specification

TO user_specification [, user_specification] ...

[WITH GRANT OPTION]

object_type:

TABLE

| FUNCTION

| PROCEDURE

  ......

常用的网络资源
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/是MySQL的官方网站, 可以下载到各个版本的MySQL以及相关客户端开发工具等.

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/提供了目前最权威的MySQL数据库及工具的在线手册

http://bugs.mysql.com/ 这里可以查看到MySQL已经发布的bug列表, 或者向MySQL提交bug报告

http://www.mysql.com/news-and-events/newsletter/通常会发布各种关于MySQL的最新消息.