Weighted Grades for SA.903.728 (EAP I)

Weighted Grades for SA.903.728 (EAP I)

Speaking Wtd 30%

  1. Discussion Leadership I (week 7)
  2. Debate tournament! (week 8)
  3. Discussion leadership II (week 9)
  4. Holocaust theme presentation (week 10)
  5. Presentation of Survey/Data Commentary (week 12)
    Participation Wtd 20%
  6. Attendance (weekly)
  7. Library orientation (week 2)
  8. Frames presentation (week 4)
  9. The President and the Press - Friend or Foe (week 4)
  10. Evaluating Election Ads (week 5)
  11. Virtual tour of the Holocaust Museum (week 9)
  12. Hunger on trial or Mixer on Guatemala? (Date TBD)
    Writing Wtd 20%
  13. Article analysis guidebook of the China Studies Review (week 1)
  14. Stunning sentences (week 2)
  15. Media sources I trust (week 2)
  16. Paraphrasing Foreign Policy (week 3)
  17. Extended definition (week 5)
  18. The Social Dilemma – Quote, paraphrase, or summarize (week 6)
  19. Cornell Notes (week 7)
  20. Problem, Process, and Solution (week 8)
  21. Data Commentary (week 11)
  22. MyLogs of pronunciation and grammar (week 11)
    Reading Wtd 15%
    This grade includes the 4 units of our textbooks (weeks 3, 5, 8, and 11) and the quiz on Night (week 10).
    Listening Wtd 15%
    This grade includes the listening you did during presentation of your classmates, of TED talks and whatnot in preparation of your own presentations, and the notes taken using Cornell Notes. Everyone earned 100% on general listening. The only thing that could lower that grade is your score on the Cornell Notes.

Stunning sentence patterns

  1. Compound sentence using a semicolon, no conjunction.
    My forefathers didn’t come over on the Mayflower; they met the boat.
    Jeff Bezos owns the Washington Post; The New York Times Company owns the New York Times, which is publicly traded.

  2. Compound sentence with explanatory statement (use a colon).
    Remember Yogi Berra’s advice: It ain’t over till it’s over.
    National Public Radio, while a privately and publicly funded non-profit media organization, is seen as balanced ideologically: NPR has been accused of displaying both liberal bias, and conservative bias.

  3. Infinity Series, a series without a conjunction.
    She has covered the gamut of hot spots for the newspaper: Venezuela, Afghanistan, Egypt, Myanmar.

  4. An introductory series of appositives.
    Hawaiians, Filipinos, Japanese, Chinese – these ethnic groups make up much of Hawaii’s diverse population.

  5. Repetition of a key term.
    We all have problems, but we can find a solution, a solution that works, a solution that is equitable.
    She suddenly felt filled with joy – a joy she could not explain but gladly embraced.

  6. An interrupting modifier between the Subject and Verb. Use a comma if it’s common, a dash for drama, and parentheses to whisper.
    6a Fax machines, once common in schools and offices, are rarely seen or used now.
    6b Wolves –once feared and killed—are being reintroduced into the environment.
    6c American fast food has certainly taken hold, especially among young people in Singapore, and steak houses (not to mention McDonald’s and Kentucky Fried Chicken) are familiar sights along Orchard Road.

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### 回答1: 电力系统状态估计是根据测量值和数学模型,通过最小二乘法来估计电力系统的状态变量。加权最小二乘法是一种常用的状态估计方法,其基本思想是根据误差的方差大小对测量值进行加权,以减小测量误差的影响。 加权最小二乘法的步骤如下: 1.建立电力系统状态估计的数学模型,包括电力系统的拓扑结构和潮流方程。 2.根据测量值和模型,构造误差方程,表达测量值与估计值之间的差异。 3.根据误差方程,构造目标函数,即最小二乘目标函数,目标是使得测量误差的平方和最小化。 4.为了减小测量误差对估计值的影响,引入加权因子,将目标函数中的每个测量误差项乘以相应的加权因子。 5.通过最小化目标函数,得到估计值。 加权最小二乘法的优点是可以通过加权因子来调整不同测量值的权重,使得测量误差较小的值对估计结果的影响更大,提高了估计值的精度。同时,该方法还考虑了测量误差的方差,能够减小估计结果的方差。 在电力系统中,加权最小二乘法被广泛用于潮流估计、故障诊断和状态估计等方面。它是一种可靠、有效的方法,能够提高电力系统的运行稳定性和安全性。在实际应用中,需要根据具体情况选择合适的加权因子,以获得准确的状态估计结果。 ### 回答2: 电力系统状态估计是电力系统运行监控和控制的重要手段之一。它通过测量和计算,利用加权最小二乘法建立了电力系统中各个节点的电压和相角状态的估计模型。 加权最小二乘法是一种回归分析方法,通过最小化误差的加权平方和来确定最优解。在电力系统状态估计中,加权最小二乘法用于建立电力系统模型,其中利用测量值和网络等条件对节点状态进行估计。 电力系统状态估计中的加权最小二乘法模型考虑了各种测量误差和不确定性的权重,以优化节点状态估计的准确性和可靠性。权重的选择是关键,通常基于测量精度、测量装置的位置以及其他相关因素。 加权最小二乘法模型有助于解决电力系统中的不完全测量问题。在实际操作中,由于测量设备的限制或其他原因,可能无法获取到所有节点的完整信息。通过利用加权最小二乘法建立的模型,可以通过已知的测量值来推算出未知节点的状态。 电力系统状态估计的目标是获取准确的电力系统节点状态,以支持电力系统的监控和控制。通过加权最小二乘法建立的模型可以得到电力系统各个节点的电压和相角状态的估计值,为系统操作和调度提供重要依据。 总之,电力系统状态估计利用加权最小二乘法建立了节点状态的估计模型,通过考虑测量误差和不确定性的权重,提高了节点状态估计的准确性和可靠性。这项技术对于电力系统的监控和控制具有重要意义。 ### 回答3: 能量系统状态估计是指利用已知的电网测量数据来计算电网状态的一种方法。加权最小二乘法是一种常用的状态估计方法,它通过对测量数据进行加权处理,使得估计结果更加准确可靠。 加权最小二乘法的基本思想是通过最小化测量数据与估计值之间的加权残差平方和来得到状态估计结果。在加权最小二乘法中,对每个测量数据根据其可靠性进行加权处理,可靠性越高的测量数据所占的权重越大,对估计结果的影响也越大。 在能量系统状态估计中,加权最小二乘法可以通过以下步骤实现: 1. 收集电网的测量数据,包括电压、电流、功率等参数。 2. 建立电网的状态估计模型,包括电网的拓扑结构和各节点的电压相角、幅值等状态变量。 3. 设置初始状态估计值。 4. 对每个测量数据计算加权因子,该因子用于衡量该测量数据的可靠性。 5. 根据加权因子对测量数据进行加权处理,将加权后的测量数据代入状态估计模型,计算估计值。 6. 计算估计值与测量数据的加权残差,根据残差的加权平方和最小化原则,调整状态估计值。 7. 重复步骤5和步骤6,直到收敛,得到最终的状态估计结果。 加权最小二乘法可以提高电网状态估计的准确性和可靠性。通过对测量数据的加权处理,能够降低测量数据的误差、滤除异常值,从而得到更加准确的状态估计结果。
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