数据压缩||彩色空间转换

一、实验目的
1．学会从计算和程序的角度分析问题通过完成本实验，理解计算思维，即从问题出发，通过逐步分析和分解，把原问题转化为可用程序方式解决的问题。在此过程中设计出一个解决方案。
2．进一步理解彩色空间的概念并掌握不同彩色空间转换的基本方程。
3．通过逐步设计程序，掌握编程细节：如查找表的设计，内存分配，对U和V信号进行下采样，文件读写过程等。掌握程序调试的基本方法。

二、实验原理
（1）YUV与RGB空间的相互转换
由电视原理可知，亮度和色差信号的构成如下：
Y＝0.2990R+0.5870G+0.1140B
R-Y＝0.7010R-0.5870G-0.1140B
B-Y＝-0.2990R-0.5870G+0.8860B
为了使色差信号的动态范围控制在0.5之间，需要进行归一化，对色差信号引入压缩系数。归一化后的色差信号为：
U＝-0.1684R-0.3316G+0.5B
V＝0.5R-0.4187G-0.0813B
（2）码电平分配及数字表达式
⚫亮电平信号量化后码电平分配
在对分量信号进行8比特均匀量化时，共分为256个等间隔的量化级。为了防止信号变动造成过载，在256级上端留20级，下端留16级作为信号超越动态范围的保护带。
⚫色差信号量化后码电平分配
色差信号经过归一化处理后，动态范围为-0.5－0.5，让色差零电平对应码电平128，色差信号总共占225个量化级。在256级上端留15级，下端留16级作为信号超越动态范围的保护带。
（3）色度格式4:2:0格式是指色差信号U，V的取样频率为亮度信号取样频率的四分之一，在水平方向和垂直方向上的取样点数均为Y的一半。

三、实验过程

（1）rgb to yuv
参考已知代码

main.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>

#define u_int8_t	unsigned __int8
#define u_int		unsigned __int32
#define u_int32_t	unsigned __int32
#define FALSE		false
#define TRUE		true

int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip);

void InitLookupTable();


int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	
	u_int frameWidth = 352;			
	u_int frameHeight = 240;		
	bool flip = TRUE;				
	unsigned int i;

	
	char* rgbFileName = NULL;
	char* yuvFileName = NULL;
	FILE* rgbFile = NULL;
	FILE* yuvFile = NULL;
	u_int8_t* rgbBuf = NULL;
	u_int8_t* yBuf = NULL;
	u_int8_t* uBuf = NULL;
	u_int8_t* vBuf = NULL;
	u_int32_t videoFramesWritten = 0;

	
	rgbFileName = argv[1];
	yuvFileName = argv[2];

	frameWidth = atoi(argv[3]);
	frameHeight = atoi(argv[4]);
	
	
	rgbFile = fopen(rgbFileName, "rb");
	if (rgbFile == NULL)
	{
		printf("cannot find rgb file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("The input rgb file is %s\n", rgbFileName);
	}

	
	yuvFile = fopen(yuvFileName, "wb");
	if (yuvFile == NULL)
	{
		printf("cannot find yuv file\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("The output yuv file is %s\n", yuvFileName);
	}

	
	rgbBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight * 3);

	
	yBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc(frameWidth * frameHeight);
	uBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);
	vBuf = (u_int8_t*)malloc((frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4);

	if (rgbBuf == NULL || yBuf == NULL || uBuf == NULL || vBuf == NULL)
	{
		printf("no enought memory\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	while (fread(rgbBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight * 3, rgbFile)) 
	{
		if(RGB2YUV(frameWidth, frameHeight, rgbBuf, yBuf, uBuf, vBuf, flip))
		{
			printf("error");
			return 0;					
		}

		for (i = 0; i < frameWidth*frameHeight; i++)
		{
			if (yBuf[i] < 16) yBuf[i] = 16;
			if (yBuf[i] > 235) yBuf[i] = 235;
		}

		for (i = 0; i < frameWidth*frameHeight/4; i++)
		{
			if (uBuf[i] < 16) uBuf[i] = 16;
			if (uBuf[i] > 240) uBuf[i] = 240;

			if (vBuf[i] < 16) vBuf[i] = 16;
			if (vBuf[i] > 240) vBuf[i] = 240;
		}

		fwrite(yBuf, 1, frameWidth * frameHeight, yuvFile);
		fwrite(uBuf, 1, (frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4, yuvFile);
		fwrite(vBuf, 1, (frameWidth * frameHeight) / 4, yuvFile);

		printf("\r...%d", ++videoFramesWritten);
	}

	printf("\n%u %ux%u video frames written\n", 
		videoFramesWritten, frameWidth, frameHeight);

	

	fclose(rgbFile);
	fclose(yuvFile);

	return(0);
}

rgb2yuv.cpp

#include "stdlib.h"
#include "rgb2yuv.h"

static float  RGBYUV02990[256], RGBYUV05870[256], RGBYUV01140[256];
static float  RGBYUV01684[256], RGBYUV03316[256];
static float  RGBYUV04187[256], RGBYUV00813[256];


int RGB2YUV (int x_dim, int y_dim, void *bmp, void *y_out, void *u_out, void *v_out, int flip)


{

	static int init_done = 0;
	long i, j, size;
	unsigned char *r, *g, *b;
	unsigned char *y, *u, *v;
	unsigned char *pu1, *pu2, *pv1, *pv2, *psu, *psv;
	unsigned char *y_buffer, *u_buffer, *v_buffer;
	unsigned char *sub_u_buf, *sub_v_buf;
	
	if (init_done == 0)
	{
		InitLookupTable();
		init_done = 1;
	}

	// check to see if x_dim and y_dim are divisible by 2
	if ((x_dim % 2) || (y_dim % 2)) return 1;
	size = x_dim * y_dim;

	// allocate memory
	y_buffer = (unsigned char *)y_out;
	sub_u_buf = (unsigned char *)u_out;
	sub_v_buf = (unsigned char *)v_out;
	u_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
	v_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(size * sizeof(unsigned char));
	if (!(u_buffer && v_buffer))
	{
		if (u_buffer) free(u_buffer);
		if (v_buffer) free(v_buffer);
		return 2;
	}

	b = (unsigned char *)bmp;
	y = y_buffer;
	u = u_buffer;
	v = v_buffer;

	// convert RGB to YUV
	if (!flip) 
	{
		for (j = 0; j < y_dim; j ++)
		{
			y = y_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
			u = u_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;
			v = v_buffer + (y_dim - j - 1) * x_dim;

			for (i = 0; i < x_dim; i ++) 
			{
				g = b + 1;
				r = b + 2;
				*y = (unsigned char)(  RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
				*u = (unsigned char)(- RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b)/2          + 128);
				*v = (unsigned char)(  (*r)/2          - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
				b += 3;
				y ++;
				u ++;
				v ++;
			}
		}
	} 
	else 
	{
		for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
		{
			g = b + 1;
			r = b + 2;
			*y = (unsigned char)(  RGBYUV02990[*r] + RGBYUV05870[*g] + RGBYUV01140[*b]);
			*u = (unsigned char)(- RGBYUV01684[*r] - RGBYUV03316[*g] + (*b)/2          + 128);
			*v = (unsigned char)(  (*r)/2          - RGBYUV04187[*g] - RGBYUV00813[*b] + 128);
			b += 3;
			y ++;
			u ++;
			v ++;
		}
	}

	// subsample UV
	for (j = 0; j < y_dim/2; j ++)
	{
		psu = sub_u_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
		psv = sub_v_buf + j * x_dim / 2;
		pu1 = u_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
		pu2 = u_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
		pv1 = v_buffer + 2 * j * x_dim;
		pv2 = v_buffer + (2 * j + 1) * x_dim;
		for (i = 0; i < x_dim/2; i ++)
		{
			*psu = (*pu1 + *(pu1+1) + *pu2 + *(pu2+1)) / 4;
			*psv = (*pv1 + *(pv1+1) + *pv2 + *(pv2+1)) / 4;
			psu ++;
			psv ++;
			pu1 += 2;
			pu2 += 2;
			pv1 += 2;
			pv2 += 2;
		}
	}

	free(u_buffer);
	free(v_buffer);

	return 0;
}

void InitLookupTable()
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV02990[i] = (float)0.2990 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV05870[i] = (float)0.5870 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01140[i] = (float)0.1140 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV01684[i] = (float)0.1684 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV03316[i] = (float)0.3316 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV04187[i] = (float)0.4187 * i;
	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) RGBYUV00813[i] = (float)0.0813 * i;
}

（2）yuv to rgb

main.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "yuv2rgb.h"

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
	
	FILE *down_rgb = NULL;
	FILE *yuv = NULL;
	FILE *rgb = NULL;


	if ((down_rgb = fopen(argv[1], "rb")) == NULL)
	{
		printf("down.rgb file open fail!");
		exit(0);
	}
	if ((yuv = fopen(argv[2], "wb")) == NULL)
	{
		printf("yuv file fail!");
		exit(0);
	}
	if ((rgb = fopen(argv[5], "wb")) == NULL)
	{
		printf("rgb file fail!");
		exit(0);
	}


	unsigned long picHeight, picWidth;
	picHeight = atoi(argv[3]);
	picWidth = atoi(argv[4]);


	int buffersize;
	fseek(down_rgb, 0, SEEK_END);
	buffersize = ftell(down_rgb);
	fseek(down_rgb, 0, SEEK_SET);
	printf("down.rgb length:%d\n", buffersize);


	unsigned char *buffer, *y,*u,*v;
	buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(buffersize);
	y = (unsigned char *)malloc(picHeight * picWidth);
	u = (unsigned char *)malloc(picHeight * picWidth);
	v = (unsigned char *)malloc(picHeight * picWidth);

	fread(buffer, 1, buffersize, down_rgb);

	rgb2yuv(picHeight,picWidth,buffer,y,u,v,yuv);


	fclose(yuv);
	if ((yuv = fopen(argv[2], "rb")) == NULL)
	{
		printf("yuv file fail!");
		exit(0);
	}


	int buffer2size;
	fseek(yuv, 0, SEEK_END);
	buffer2size = ftell(yuv);
	fseek(yuv, 0, SEEK_SET);
	printf("yuvFile length:%d\n", buffer2size);
	


	unsigned char *buffer2;
	int *r, *g, *b;
	buffer2 = (unsigned char *)malloc(buffer2size);
	r = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)* picHeight*picWidth);
	g = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)* picHeight*picWidth);
	b = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)* picHeight*picWidth);


	fread(buffer2, 1, buffer2size, yuv);


	yuv2rgb(picHeight,picWidth,buffer2,r,g,b,rgb);



	free(buffer);
	free(y);
	free(u);
	free(v);
	free(buffer2);
	free(r);
	free(g);
	free(b);

	fclose(down_rgb);
	fclose(yuv);
	fclose(rgb);


	getchar();

	return 0;
}

yuv2rgb.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "yuv2rgb.h"

void yuv2rgb(unsigned long picHeight, unsigned long picWidth, unsigned char *buffer2, int *r, int *g, int *b, FILE *rgb)
{


	unsigned char *y, *u, *v,*u444,*v444;
	y = (unsigned char *)malloc(picHeight * picWidth);
	u = (unsigned char *)malloc(picHeight * picWidth /4);
	v = (unsigned char *)malloc(picHeight * picWidth /4);
	u444 = (unsigned char *)malloc(picHeight * picWidth);
	v444 = (unsigned char *)malloc(picHeight * picWidth);


	for (int i = 0;i < picHeight*picWidth;i++)
	{
		*(y + i) = *(buffer2 + i);
	}
	for (int i = 0;i < picHeight*picWidth/4;i++)
	{
		*(u + i) = *(buffer2 + i + picHeight*picWidth);
		*(v + i) = *(buffer2 + i + picHeight*picWidth * 5 / 4);
	}


	int k = 0;
	for (int i = 0;i < picHeight/2 ;i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0;j < picWidth/2 ;j++)
		{
			*(u444 + picWidth * 2 * i + 2 * j) = *(u + k);
			*(u444 + picWidth * 2 * i + 2 * j + 1) = *(u + k);
			*(u444 + picWidth * (2 * i + 1) + 2 * j) = *(u + k);
			*(u444 + picWidth * (2 * i + 1) + 2 * j + 1) = *(u + k);

			*(v444 + picWidth * 2 * i + 2 * j) = *(v + k);
			*(v444 + picWidth * 2 * i + 2 * j + 1) = *(v + k);
			*(v444 + picWidth * (2 * i + 1) + 2 * j) = *(v + k);
			*(v444 + picWidth * (2 * i + 1) + 2 * j + 1) = *(v + k);
			k++;
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0;i < picHeight*picWidth;i++)
	{
		*(r + i) = int((*(y + i) * 298 + *(v444 + i) * 411 - 57344) / 255);
		*(g + i) = int((*(y + i) * 298 - *(u444 + i) * 101 - *(v444 + i) * 211 + 34739) / 255);
		*(b + i) = int((*(y + i) * 298 + *(u444 + i) * 519 - 71117) / 255);

		if (*(r + i) < 0)
			*(r + i) = 0;
		if (*(r + i) > 255)
			*(r + i) = 255;
		if (*(g + i) < 0)
			*(g + i) = 0;
		if (*(g + i) > 255)
			*(g + i) = 255;
		if (*(b + i) < 0)
			*(b + i) = 0;
		if (*(b + i) > 255)
			*(b + i) = 255;
	}


	unsigned char *rgbBuffer;
	rgbBuffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(picHeight*picWidth * 3);
	for (int i = 0;i < picHeight*picWidth;i++)
	{
		*(rgbBuffer + 3 * i) = *(b + i);
		*(rgbBuffer + 3 * i + 1) = *(g + i);
		*(rgbBuffer + 3 * i + 2) = *(r + i);
	}
	fwrite(rgbBuffer, 1, picHeight*picWidth * 3, rgb);

	free(y);
	free(u);
	free(v);
	free(u444);
	free(v444);
	free(rgbBuffer);

}

yuv2rgb.h

#pragma once
void rgb2yuv(unsigned long picHeight, unsigned long picWidth, unsigned char *buffer, unsigned char *y, unsigned char *u, unsigned char *v,FILE *yuv);
void yuv2rgb(unsigned long picHeight, unsigned long picWidth, unsign
ed char *buffer2, int *r, int *g, int *b, FILE *rgb);

四、实验结果