文章目录
1 序列化概述
1.1什么是序列化
序列化就是把内存中的对象,转换成字节序列(或其他数据传输协议)以便于存储到磁盘(持久化)和网络传输。
反序列化就是将收到字节序列(或其他数据传输协议)或者是磁盘的持久化数据,转换成内存中的对象。
1.2为什么要序列化
一般来说,“活的” 对象只生存在内存里,关机断电就没有了。而且“活的”对象只能由本地的进程使用,不能被发送到网络上的另外-台计算机。然而序列化可以存储“活的”对象,可以将“活的”对象发送到远程计算机。
1.3为什么不用Java的序列化
Java的序列化是-个重量级序列化框架(Serializable) ,-一个对象被序列化后,会附带很多额外的信息(各种校验信息, Header, 继承体系等),不便于在网络中高效传输。所以, Hadoop自己开发了一套序列化机制 (Writable) 。
Hadoop序列化特点:
(1)紧凑:高效使用存储空间。
(2)快速:读写数据的额外开销小。
(3)可扩展:随着通信协议的升级而可升级(4)互操作:支持多语言的交互
2.自定义bean对象实现序列化接口(Writable)
在企业开发中往往常用的基本序列化类型不能满足所有需求,比如在Hadoop框架内部传递一个bean对象,那么该对象就需要实现序列化接口。
具体实现bean对象序列化步骤如下7步。
(1)必须实现Writable接口
(2)反序列化时,需要反射调用空参构造函数,所以必须有空参构造
public FlowBean() {
super();
}
(3)重写序列化方法
@Override
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeLong(upFlow);
out.writeLong(downFlow);
out.writeLong(sumFlow);
}
(4)重写反序列化方法
@Override
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
upFlow = in.readLong();
downFlow = in.readLong();
sumFlow = in.readLong();
}
(5)注意反序列化的顺序和序列化的顺序完全一致
(6)要想把结果显示在文件中,需要重写toString(),可用”\t”分开,方便后续用。
(7)如果需要将自定义的bean放在key中传输,则还需要实现Comparable接口,因为MapReduce框中的Shuffle过程要求对key必须能排序。详见后面排序案例。
@Override
public int compareTo(FlowBean o) {
// 倒序排列,从大到小
return this.sumFlow > o.getSumFlow() ? -1 : 1;
}
3 序列化案例实操
1. 需求
统计每一个手机号耗费的总上行流量、下行流量、总流量
文件名phone_data.txt
1 13736230513 192.196.100.1 www.atguigu.com 2481 24681 200
2 13846544121 192.196.100.2 264 0 200
3 13956435636 192.196.100.3 132 1512 200
4 13966251146 192.168.100.1 240 0 404
5 18271575951 192.168.100.2 www.atguigu.com 1527 2106 200
6 84188413 192.168.100.3 www.atguigu.com 4116 1432 200
7 13590439668 192.168.100.4 1116 954 200
8 15910133277 192.168.100.5 www.hao123.com 3156 2936 200
9 13729199489 192.168.100.6 240 0 200
10 13630577991 192.168.100.7 www.shouhu.com 6960 690 200
11 15043685818 192.168.100.8 www.baidu.com 3659 3538 200
12 15959002129 192.168.100.9 www.atguigu.com 1938 180 500
13 13560439638 192.168.100.10 918 4938 200
14 13470253144 192.168.100.11 180 180 200
15 13682846555 192.168.100.12 www.qq.com 1938 2910 200
16 13992314666 192.168.100.13 www.gaga.com 3008 3720 200
17 13509468723 192.168.100.14 www.qinghua.com 7335 110349 404
18 18390173782 192.168.100.15 www.sogou.com 9531 2412 200
19 13975057813 192.168.100.16 www.baidu.com 11058 48243 200
20 13768778790 192.168.100.17 120 120 200
21 13568436656 192.168.100.18 www.alibaba.com 2481 24681 200
22 13568436656 192.168.100.19 1116 954 200
(2)输入数据格式:
7 13560436666 120.196.100.99 1116 954 200
id 手机号码 网络ip 上行流量 下行流量 网络状态码
(3)期望输出数据格式
13560436666 1116 954 2070
手机号码 上行流量 下行流量 总流量
2.需求分析
3.编写MapReduce程序
(1)编写流量统计的Bean对象
public class FlowBean implements Writable {
private long upFlow; //上行流量
private long downFlow; //下行流量
private long sumFlow; //总流量
//TODO 反序列化时,需要反射调用空参构造函数,所以必须有
public FlowBean() { }
public FlowBean(long upFlow, long downFlow) {
this.upFlow = upFlow;
this.downFlow = downFlow;
this.sumFlow = upFlow + downFlow;
}
//TODO 序列化
@Override
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeLong( upFlow );
out.writeLong( downFlow );
out.writeLong( sumFlow );
}
//TODO 反序列化方法
//TODO 反序列化方法读顺序必须和写序列化方法的写顺序必须一致
@Override
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
upFlow = in.readLong();
downFlow = in.readLong();
sumFlow = in.readLong();
}
public long getUpFlow() {
return upFlow;
}
public void setUpFlow(long upFlow) {
this.upFlow = upFlow;
}
public long getDownFlow() {
return downFlow;
}
public void setDownFlow(long downFlow) {
this.downFlow = downFlow;
}
public long getSumFlow() {
return sumFlow;
}
public void setSumFlow(long sumFlow) {
this.sumFlow = sumFlow;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return upFlow + "\t" + downFlow + "\t" + sumFlow ;
}
public void set(long upFlow, long downFlow) {
this.upFlow = upFlow;
this.downFlow = downFlow;
this.sumFlow = upFlow + downFlow;
}
}
(2)编写Mapper类
public class FlowCountMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text,Text,FlowBean> {
Text k = new Text();
FlowBean v = new FlowBean();
@Override
protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//TODO 获取值和切分
String[] splits = value.toString().split( "\t" );
//TODO 封装手机号
k.set( splits[1]);
//TODO 反方向封装
//TODO 减去上行流量和下行流量
long upFlow = Long.parseLong( splits[splits.length - 3] );
long downFlow = Long.parseLong( splits[splits.length - 2] );
//TODO 拿到FlowBean类的方法,赋值
v.setUpFlow( upFlow );
v.setDownFlow( downFlow );
v.set( upFlow,downFlow );
//TODO 写出
context.write( k,v );
}
}
(3)编写Reducer类
public class FlowCountReducer extends Reducer<Text,FlowBean,Text,FlowBean> {
FlowBean v = new FlowBean();
@Override
protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<FlowBean> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//TODO 定义累加变量
long sum_unFlow = 0;
long sum_downFlow = 0;
// TODO 遍历所用bean,将其中的上行流量,下行流量分别累加
for (FlowBean value : values) {
sum_unFlow += value.getUpFlow();
sum_downFlow += value.getDownFlow();
}
//TODO 封装对象
v.set( sum_unFlow,sum_downFlow );
//TODO 写出
context.write( key,v );
}
}
(4)编写Driver驱动类
public class FlowsumDriver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
//TODO 获取job
Configuration conf= new Configuration();
Job job = Job.getInstance( conf );
//TODO 获取jar
job.setJarByClass( FlowsumDriver.class );
//TODO 获取Map Reduce
job.setMapperClass( FlowCountMapper.class );
job.setReducerClass( FlowCountReducer.class );
//TODO 获取Map端输出类型
job.setMapOutputKeyClass( Text.class );
job.setMapOutputValueClass( FlowBean.class );
//TODO 获取总输出类型
job.setOutputKeyClass( Text.class );
job.setOutputValueClass( FlowBean.class );
//TODO 设置输入路径和输出路径
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths( job,new Path( args[0] ) );
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath( job,new Path( args[1] ) );
//TODO 提交
boolean result = job.waitForCompletion( true );
System.exit( result ? 0:1 );
}
}
4.打包到集群测试
[root@huan01 jar]# yarn jar FlowSum.jar com.huan.flowsun.FlowsumDriver /huan/input1/phone_data.txt /huan/output2
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/hbase/hbase/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
20/08/04 02:12:46 INFO client.RMProxy: Connecting to ResourceManager at huan01/192.168.168.234:8032
20/08/04 02:12:49 WARN mapreduce.JobResourceUploader: Hadoop command-line option parsing not performed. Implement the Tool interface and execute your application with ToolRunner to remedy this.
20/08/04 02:12:51 INFO input.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 1
20/08/04 02:12:51 INFO lzo.GPLNativeCodeLoader: Loaded native gpl library from the embedded binaries
20/08/04 02:12:51 INFO lzo.LzoCodec: Successfully loaded & initialized native-lzo library [hadoop-lzo rev 52decc77982b58949890770d22720a91adce0c3f]
20/08/04 02:12:51 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: number of splits:1
20/08/04 02:12:52 INFO mapreduce.JobSubmitter: Submitting tokens for job: job_1596447552943_0002
20/08/04 02:12:53 INFO impl.YarnClientImpl: Submitted application application_1596447552943_0002
20/08/04 02:12:54 INFO mapreduce.Job: The url to track the job: http://huan01:8088/proxy/application_1596447552943_0002/
20/08/04 02:12:54 INFO mapreduce.Job: Running job: job_1596447552943_0002
20/08/04 02:13:26 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1596447552943_0002 running in uber mode : false
20/08/04 02:13:26 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 0% reduce 0%
20/08/04 02:13:59 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 0%
20/08/04 02:14:19 INFO mapreduce.Job: map 100% reduce 100%
20/08/04 02:14:20 INFO mapreduce.Job: Job job_1596447552943_0002 completed successfully
20/08/04 02:14:21 INFO mapreduce.Job: Counters: 49
File System Counters
FILE: Number of bytes read=839
FILE: Number of bytes written=237431
FILE: Number of read operations=0
FILE: Number of large read operations=0
FILE: Number of write operations=0
HDFS: Number of bytes read=1288
HDFS: Number of bytes written=550
HDFS: Number of read operations=6
HDFS: Number of large read operations=0
HDFS: Number of write operations=2
Job Counters
Launched map tasks=1
Launched reduce tasks=1
Data-local map tasks=1
Total time spent by all maps in occupied slots (ms)=27015
Total time spent by all reduces in occupied slots (ms)=17082
Total time spent by all map tasks (ms)=27015
Total time spent by all reduce tasks (ms)=17082
Total vcore-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=27015
Total vcore-milliseconds taken by all reduce tasks=17082
Total megabyte-milliseconds taken by all map tasks=27663360
Total megabyte-milliseconds taken by all reduce tasks=17491968
Map-Reduce Framework
Map input records=22
Map output records=22
Map output bytes=789
Map output materialized bytes=839
Input split bytes=110
Combine input records=0
Combine output records=0
Reduce input groups=21
Reduce shuffle bytes=839
Reduce input records=22
Reduce output records=21
Spilled Records=44
Shuffled Maps =1
Failed Shuffles=0
Merged Map outputs=1
GC time elapsed (ms)=679
CPU time spent (ms)=7390
Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=325103616
Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=4132458496
Total committed heap usage (bytes)=214433792
Shuffle Errors
BAD_ID=0
CONNECTION=0
IO_ERROR=0
WRONG_LENGTH=0
WRONG_MAP=0
WRONG_REDUCE=0
File Input Format Counters
Bytes Read=1178
File Output Format Counters
Bytes Written=550
5,结果为:
[root@huan03 ~]# hadoop fs -cat /huan/output2/part-r-00000
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/hbase/hbase/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.5.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
13470253144 180 180 360
13509468723 7335 110349 117684
13560439638 918 4938 5856
13568436656 3597 25635 29232
13590439668 1116 954 2070
13630577991 6960 690 7650
13682846555 1938 2910 4848
13729199489 240 0 240
13736230513 2481 24681 27162
13768778790 120 120 240
13846544121 264 0 264
13956435636 132 1512 1644
13966251146 240 0 240
13975057813 11058 48243 59301
13992314666 3008 3720 6728
15043685818 3659 3538 7197
15910133277 3156 2936 6092
15959002129 1938 180 2118
18271575951 1527 2106 3633
18390173782 9531 2412 11943
84188413 4116 1432 5548