串口通讯常用方法及CRC校验

1.窗体加载的方法

//窗体加载
        private void KunLun_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string[] cmbPointStr = SerialPort.GetPortNames();
            //自动加载端口号
            if (cmbPointStr.Length > 0)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < cmbPointStr.Length; j++)
                {
                    cmbPoint.Items.Add(cmbPointStr[j]);
                }
                cmbPoint.SelectedIndex = 0;
            }
            //加载波特率
            cmbBabdRate.Items.Add(1200);
            cmbBabdRate.Items.Add(2400);
            cmbBabdRate.Items.Add(4800);
            cmbBabdRate.Items.Add(9600);
            cmbBabdRate.Items.Add(19200);
            cmbBabdRate.SelectedIndex = 3;
            //加载数据位
            cmbDateBit.Items.Add(6);
            cmbDateBit.Items.Add(7);
            cmbDateBit.Items.Add(8);
            cmbDateBit.SelectedIndex = 2;
            //加载校验位
            cmbParity.Items.Add("None");
            cmbParity.Items.Add("Odd");
            cmbParity.Items.Add("Even");
            cmbParity.SelectedIndex = 0;
            //加载停止位
            cmbStopBit.Items.Add(0);
            cmbStopBit.Items.Add(1);
            cmbStopBit.Items.Add(2);
            cmbStopBit.SelectedIndex = 2;
        }

2.打开串口的方法

 //打开串口
        private void btnOpen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (!sp.IsOpen)
            {
                try
                {
                    sp.PortName = cmbPoint.Text;//得到串口号
                    sp.BaudRate = int.Parse(cmbBabdRate.Text);//得到波特率
                    sp.DataBits = int.Parse(cmbDateBit.Text);//得到数据位
                    sp.Parity = (Parity)Enum.Parse(typeof(Parity), cmbParity.Text);//得到校验位
                    sp.StopBits = (StopBits)Enum.Parse(typeof(StopBits), cmbStopBit.Text);//得到停止位
                    sp.Open();//打开串口
                    sp.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(sp_DataReceived);//接收数据事件加载
                    btnOpen.Text = "关闭串口";
                    MessageBox.Show("打开串口成功");
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("打开串口失败："+ex.ToString());
                }
            }
            else
            {
                sp.Close();//关闭串口
                btnOpen.Text = "打开串口";
                MessageBox.Show("关闭串口成功");
            }
        }

3.接收数据的方法

 //订阅事件
  sp.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(sp_DataReceived);
 //接收数据的方法
        List<byte> buffer = new List<byte>(4096);
        void sp_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
        {
            //     读返回的数据                       写返回的数据
            //   01      地址码                     01        地址码
            //   03      功能码                     10        功能码
            //   04      字节数                     00 00     起始寄存器地址高低字节
            //   00 00   寄存器1高低字节            00 03     寄存器数量高低字节
            //   13 88   寄存器2高低字节            80 08     校验码低高字节
            //   F7 65   校验码低高字节
            try
            {
                byte[] readBuffer;
                int count = sp.BytesToRead;//获取接收缓存区中数据的字节数
                byte[] receiveBuf = new byte[count];
                sp.Read(receiveBuf, 0, count);//从输入缓冲区读取字节
                
                buffer.AddRange(receiveBuf);//缓存数据
                while (buffer.Count>=7)//完整性判断,至少有地址码、功能码、高低校验码等
                {
                    if (buffer[0]==0x01)//查找数据标记头
                    {
                        if (buffer[1] == 0x03)//buffer[1]是功能码，=3表示是读取
                        {
                            int len = buffer[2];     //buffer[2]代表返回数据的字节数
                            if (buffer.Count < len + 5)
                            {
                                break;          //数据未接收完整跳出循环
                            }
                            readBuffer = new byte[len + 5];
                            buffer.CopyTo(0, readBuffer, 0, len + 5);
                            Invoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate ()//由于要访问窗体的text,用Invoke
                            {
                                CheckAndGetText(readBuffer);
                            }));
                            buffer.RemoveRange(0, len + 5);
                        }
                        else if (buffer[1] == 0x10)//buffer[1]是功能码，=10表示是写入
                        {
                            //写入返回的是固定长度：8字节
                            if (buffer.Count < 8)
                            {
                                break;
                            }
                            readBuffer = new byte[8];
                            buffer.CopyTo(0, readBuffer, 0, 8);
                            Invoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate ()
                            {
                                CheckAndGetText(readBuffer);
                            }));
                            buffer.RemoveRange(0, 8);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            MessageBox.Show("检测到接收的功能码不正确");
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        buffer.RemoveAt(0);
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception er)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(er.ToString());
            }
        }

4.接收数据校验的方法

/// <summary>
        /// 给接收到的数据进行校验，并给文本框赋值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="receiveBuf">接收到的数据</param>
        private void CheckAndGetText(byte[] receiveBuf)
        {
            byte[] crcDate = strToHexByte(CRCForModbus_receive(receiveBuf).Trim());//计算接收数据的校验码
            if (crcDate.Length <= 2) { return; }
            if (crcDate[0] == receiveBuf[receiveBuf.Length - 2] && crcDate[1] == receiveBuf[receiveBuf.Length - 1])
            {
                if (btnContinueRead.Text == "连续读值")//只有不是连续读值的时候才打印到接收文本
                {
                    txtReceive.Text += byteToHexStr(receiveBuf) + "\r\n";
                }
            }
        }

5.发送数据的方法

//发送数据
        private void btnSendData_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (sp.IsOpen)
            {
                int number = txtSend.Text.Trim().Replace(" ", "").Replace(",", "").Replace("，", "").Replace("0x", "").Replace("0X", "").Length;
                if (number==12||number==18)
                {
                    txtSend.Text = GetTxtSendText(txtSend.Text);//给文本框加上校验码显示
                }
                //以16进制发送
                byte[] sendbuf = strToHexByte(txtSend.Text.Trim());
                sp.Write(sendbuf, 0, sendbuf.Length);//发送
            }
            else//调试用，需删除
            {
                MessageBox.Show("请先打开串口");
            }
        }

6.将16进制字符串转换成字节数组的方法

        /// <summary>
        /// 将16进制字符串转换成字节数组的方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hexString">16进制字符串</param>
        /// <returns>字节数组</returns>
        private static byte[] strToHexByte(string hexString)
        {
            hexString = hexString.Replace(" ", "");
            if ((hexString.Length % 2) != 0)
                hexString += " ";
            byte[] returnBytes = new byte[hexString.Length / 2];
            for (int i = 0; i < returnBytes.Length; i++)
                returnBytes[i] = Convert.ToByte(hexString.Substring(i * 2, 2).Replace(" ", ""), 16);
            return returnBytes;
        }

7.将字节数组转换成16进制字符串的方法

 /// <summary>
        /// 将字节数组转换成16进制字符串的方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="bytes"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string byteToHexStr(byte[] bytes)
        {
            string returnStr = "";
            if (bytes != null)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < bytes.Length; i++)
                {
                    returnStr += bytes[i].ToString("X2");//X2表示16进制显示2位
                }
            }
            return returnStr;
        }

8.CRC校验方法1

#region crc16校验方法1
        #region CRC高低位效验码
        static byte[] checkCrcHigh =
        {
          0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
          0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
          0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
          0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
          0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1,
          0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
          0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1,
          0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
          0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
          0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
          0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1,
          0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
          0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
          0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
          0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
          0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
          0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
          0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
          0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
          0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
          0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0,
          0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,
          0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1,
          0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,
          0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0,
          0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40
        };

        // CRC地位校验码checkCRCLow
        static byte[] checkCrcLow =
        {
          0x00, 0xC0, 0xC1, 0x01, 0xC3, 0x03, 0x02, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x06,
          0x07, 0xC7, 0x05, 0xC5, 0xC4, 0x04, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0xCD,
          0x0F, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0x0E, 0x0A, 0xCA, 0xCB, 0x0B, 0xC9, 0x09,
          0x08, 0xC8, 0xD8, 0x18, 0x19, 0xD9, 0x1B, 0xDB, 0xDA, 0x1A,
          0x1E, 0xDE, 0xDF, 0x1F, 0xDD, 0x1D, 0x1C, 0xDC, 0x14, 0xD4,
          0xD5, 0x15, 0xD7, 0x17, 0x16, 0xD6, 0xD2, 0x12, 0x13, 0xD3,
          0x11, 0xD1, 0xD0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x30, 0x31, 0xF1, 0x33, 0xF3,
          0xF2, 0x32, 0x36, 0xF6, 0xF7, 0x37, 0xF5, 0x35, 0x34, 0xF4,
          0x3C, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0x3D, 0xFF, 0x3F, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0xFA, 0x3A,
          0x3B, 0xFB, 0x39, 0xF9, 0xF8, 0x38, 0x28, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0x29,
          0xEB, 0x2B, 0x2A, 0xEA, 0xEE, 0x2E, 0x2F, 0xEF, 0x2D, 0xED,
          0xEC, 0x2C, 0xE4, 0x24, 0x25, 0xE5, 0x27, 0xE7, 0xE6, 0x26,
          0x22, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0x23, 0xE1, 0x21, 0x20, 0xE0, 0xA0, 0x60,
          0x61, 0xA1, 0x63, 0xA3, 0xA2, 0x62, 0x66, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0x67,
          0xA5, 0x65, 0x64, 0xA4, 0x6C, 0xAC, 0xAD, 0x6D, 0xAF, 0x6F,
          0x6E, 0xAE, 0xAA, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0xAB, 0x69, 0xA9, 0xA8, 0x68,
          0x78, 0xB8, 0xB9, 0x79, 0xBB, 0x7B, 0x7A, 0xBA, 0xBE, 0x7E,
          0x7F, 0xBF, 0x7D, 0xBD, 0xBC, 0x7C, 0xB4, 0x74, 0x75, 0xB5,
          0x77, 0xB7, 0xB6, 0x76, 0x72, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0x73, 0xB1, 0x71,
          0x70, 0xB0, 0x50, 0x90, 0x91, 0x51, 0x93, 0x53, 0x52, 0x92,
          0x96, 0x56, 0x57, 0x97, 0x55, 0x95, 0x94, 0x54, 0x9C, 0x5C,
          0x5D, 0x9D, 0x5F, 0x9F, 0x9E, 0x5E, 0x5A, 0x9A, 0x9B, 0x5B,
          0x99, 0x59, 0x58, 0x98, 0x88, 0x48, 0x49, 0x89, 0x4B, 0x8B,
          0x8A, 0x4A, 0x4E, 0x8E, 0x8F, 0x4F, 0x8D, 0x4D, 0x4C, 0x8C,
          0x44, 0x84, 0x85, 0x45, 0x87, 0x47, 0x46, 0x86, 0x82, 0x42,
          0x43, 0x83, 0x41, 0x81, 0x80, 0x40
        };
        #endregion
        /// <summary>
        /// CRC校验
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">校验的字节数组</param>
        /// <param name="arrayLength">校验的数组长度</param>
        /// <returns>该字节数组的奇偶校验字节</returns>
        public static Int16 Crc16(byte[] data, int arrayLength)
        {
            try
            {
                byte crcHigh = 0xFF;//十进制为255
                byte crcLow = 0xFF;//十进制为255
                byte index;//crc循环中的索引
                int i = 0;
                while (arrayLength-- > 0)
                {
                    index = (System.Byte)(crcHigh ^ data[i++]);
                    crcHigh = (System.Byte)(crcLow ^ checkCrcHigh[index]);
                    crcLow = checkCrcLow[index];
                }
                return (Int16)(crcHigh << 8 | crcLow);
            }
            catch
            {
                return 0;
            }
        }
        //crc校验方法
        public static string Crc(byte[] buffer)
        {
            try
            {
                byte[] _lstByte = new byte[buffer.Length - 2];
                for (int i = 0; i < _lstByte.Length; i++)
                {
                    _lstByte[i] = buffer[i];
                }
                Int16 _returnValue = Crc16(_lstByte, _lstByte.Length);
                MessageBox.Show(Convert.ToString(_returnValue, 16));//调试用，需删除
                return Convert.ToString(_returnValue, 16);
            }
            catch
            {
                return "0";
            }
        }
        #endregion

9.CRC校验方法2

#region crc16校验方法2
        /// <summary>
        /// CRC校验,返回添加CRC校验码后的字符串
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">十六进制字符串</param>
        /// <returns>modbus-CRC校验码</returns>
        public static Int16 CRCForModbus(byte[] data)
        {
            //计算并填写CRC校验码
            int crc = 0xffff;
            for (int n = 0; n < data.Length; n++)
            {
                byte i;
                crc = crc ^ data[n];
                for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
                {
                    int TT;
                    TT = crc & 1;
                    crc = crc >> 1;
                    crc = crc & 0x7fff;
                    if (TT == 1)
                    {
                        crc = crc ^ 0xa001;
                    }
                    crc = crc & 0xffff;
                }
            }
            crc = ((crc & 0xFF) << 8 | (crc >> 8));//高低字节换位
            return (Int16)crc;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 计算校验码并返回带校验码的16进制字符串
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">16进制字符串(不带校验码)</param>
        /// <returns>带校验码的16进制字符串</returns>
        public string GetTxtSendText(string data)
        {
            //处理数字转换
            string sendnoNull1 = data.Trim();//去掉字符串前后的空格
            string sendnoNull2 = sendnoNull1.Replace(" ", "");//去掉字符串中间的空格
            string sendNOComma = sendnoNull2.Replace(',', ' ');    //去掉英文逗号
            string sendNOComma1 = sendNOComma.Replace('，', ' '); //去掉中文逗号
            string strSendNoComma2 = sendNOComma1.Replace("0x", "");   //去掉0x
            string sendBuf = strSendNoComma2.Replace("0X", "");   //去掉0X

            byte[] crcbuf = strToHexByte(sendBuf);//将16进制字符串转换成字节
            string crcString = CRCForModbus(crcbuf).ToString("X4");//获得校验码
            return data + " " + crcString;//返回数据+校验码
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 计算接收到的数据的校验码
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="buffer">接收到的字节数组</param>
        /// <returns>16进制的字符串校验码</returns>
        public static string CRCForModbus_receive(byte[] buffer)
        {
            try
            {
                byte[] _lstByte = new byte[buffer.Length - 2];
                for (int i = 0; i < _lstByte.Length; i++)
                {
                    _lstByte[i] = buffer[i];
                }
                Int16 _returnValue = CRCForModbus(_lstByte);
                return Convert.ToString(_returnValue, 16);
            }
            catch
            {
                return "0";
            }
        }
        #endregion

10.将接收的字节数组转换成float类型赋值给文本框

/// <summary>
        /// 根据接收的16进制数字转换成10进制赋值给文本框
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="txt">文本框</param>
        /// <param name="receiveBuf">接收的16进制数字</param>
        public void GetTxtText(TextBox txt, byte[] receiveBuf)
        {
            Array.Reverse(receiveBuf);
            float value = BitConverter.ToSingle(receiveBuf, 2);//由4个字节的十六机制数组转浮点数(从反转后的receiveBuf的第三个字节开始计算，长度为4个字节
            txt.Text = (value).ToString();
        }