python多线程第一课笔记

1.单线程

import time
def test_1(para):
    print('start_%s' % para)
    time.sleep(2)
    print('end_%s' % para)

def test_2(para):
    print('start_%s' % para)
    time.sleep(1)
    print('end_%s' % para)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test_1('test1')
    test_2('test2')
    

结果，永远都是 test_1() 完成后执行 test_2()

start_test1
end_test1
start_test2
end_test2

2，多线程

threading.Thread(group=None, target=None, name=None,args=(), kwargs=None, *, daemon=None)

import threading
import time
def test_1(para):
    print('start_%s' % para)
    time.sleep(2)
    print('end_%s' % para)

def test_2(para):
    print('start_%s' % para)
    time.sleep(1)
    print('end_%s' % para)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test_1, args=('test1',))  #test_1为函数名，不要加括号，args写入参
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=test_2, args=('test2',))
    t1.start()  #开始一个线程
    t2.start()

结果，t1先开始后结束

start_test1
start_test2
end_test2
end_test1

3.守护进程

setDaemon(True)
主线程结束，子线程也会结束

import threading
import time
def test_1(para):
    print('start_%s' % para)
    time.sleep(2)
    print('end_%s' % para)

def test_2(para):
    print('start_%s' % para)
    time.sleep(1)
    print('end_%s' % para)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test_1, args=('test1',))
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=test_2, args=('test2',))
    t1.setDaemon(True)
    t2.setDaemon(True)
    t1.start()
    t2.start()
    print('结束了')

结果，主线程结束子线程还没跑完就结束了

start_test1
start_test2
结束了

4.join

在start方法之后使用，会一直运行完此线程

import threading
import time
def test_1(para):
    print('start_%s' % para)
    time.sleep(2)
    print('end_%s' % para)

def test_2(para):
    print('start_%s' % para)
    time.sleep(1)
    print('end_%s' % para)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test_1, args=('test1',))
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=test_2, args=('test2',))
    t1.setDaemon(True)
    t2.setDaemon(True)
    t1.start()
    t2.start()
    t2.join()
    print('结束了')

结果

start_test1
start_test2
end_test2
结束了

5.线程锁

没加锁

import threading
count = 0
def test_1(num):
    global count
    for i in range(num):
        count += 1
    print(count)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test_1, args=(1000000,))
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=test_1, args=(1000000,))
    t1.start()
    t2.start()

结果，把循环次数放大会发现结果每次不一样由于2个线程争抢一个资源导致

1699003
1749908

加锁

import threading
count = 0
lock = threading.Lock()
def test_1(num):
    global count
    lock.acquire()
    for i in range(num):
        count += 1
    lock.release()
    print(count)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    t1 = threading.Thread(target=test_1, args=(1000000,))
    t2 = threading.Thread(target=test_1, args=(1000000,))
    t1.start()
    t2.start()

结果

1000000
2000000