Water cooling and heat dissipation technology of IGBT

IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, is by the BJT (Bipolar Transistor) and MOS (Insulated Gate field-effect tube) composite composed of full control voltage drive type power semiconductor devices, with high input impedance of MOSFET and GTR low conduction of the advantages of both the pressure drop. GTR has low saturation voltage and high current-carrying density, but high driving current. MOSFET drive power is small, the switch speed is fast, but the conduction pressure drop is large, the current density is small. IGBT combines the advantages of the above two devices, with low driving power and low saturation voltage. Very suitable for dc voltage of 600V and above converter systems such as ac motor, inverter, switching power supply, lighting circuit, traction drive and other fields.

IGBT is the core device of energy transformation and transmission, commonly known as “CPU” of power electronic devices. As a national strategic emerging industry, IGBT is widely used in rail transit, smart grid, aerospace, electric vehicles and new energy equipment and other fields.
Generally speaking, the current flowing through IGBT module is large and the switching frequency is high, which leads to the high loss of IGBT module devices and the high temperature of devices. However, the IGBT module’s poor heat dissipation will cause damage and affect the operation of the whole machine. IGBT overheating reasons may be the drive waveform is not good or excessive current or switch frequency is too high, may also be due to poor heat dissipation.

If the temperature is too high, the working efficiency of the module will decline, which will affect the whole working progress. Especially for those devices that need continuous work, IGBT module is more dependent on, and a good cooling system is needed to ensure.Speaking of heat dissipation, the most commonly used are passive fin heat dissipation, wind cooling heat dissipation, these heat dissipation methods, low cost, easy to use and widely used. However, there are also many constraints. The accumulation of heat is too large to be dissipated in time, and the cooling effect quickly reaches the bottleneck. In this case, IGBT module faces a big dilemma.

In this case, the new heat dissipation mode must replace the traditional heat dissipation mode. As a fast developing way, water-cooled heat dissipation has been prominent in the field of heat dissipation in recent years. Water cooling makes use of the feature that the specific heat capacity of liquid is larger than that of air to absorb heat quickly and fully. After passing through the circulation system, it reaches cooling and exhaust, and then returns to the waterway system. The cycle has been repeated, to continue to heat, if the peak heat, can also be more leisurely to deal with. With the progress and improvement of water cooling and heat dissipation technology, the water cooling and heat dissipation is safer and more durable, and the cost is also reduced. Although installation and maintenance are a little inconvenient, in the long run, water cooling technology is worth putting into use.