使用matplotlib绘制简单图表(2)

使用 hist() 绘制直方图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 准备 50 个随机测试数据
scores = np.random.randint(0,100,50)
# 绘制直方图
plt.hist(scores, bins=8, histtype='stepfilled')
plt.show()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# 10000 个随机数
random_state = np.random.RandomState(19680801)
random_x = random_state.randn(10000)
# 绘制包含 25 个矩形条的直方图
plt.hist(random_x, bins=25)
plt.show()

 

 绘制饼图或圆环图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
data = np.array([20, 50, 10, 15, 30, 55])
pie_labels = np.array(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'])
# 绘制饼图 : 半径为 0.5, 数值保留 1 位小数
plt.pie(data, radius=1.5, labels=pie_labels, autopct='%.1f%%')
plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
data = np.array([20, 50, 10, 15, 30, 55])
pie_labels = np.array(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'])
# 绘制圆环图 : 外圆半径为 1.5, 楔形宽度为 0.7
plt.pie(data, radius=1.5, wedgeprops={'width': 1}, labels=pie_labels, autopct='%3.1f%%', pctdistance=0.75)
plt.show()

 

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
# 饼图外侧的说明文字
kinds = [' 购物 ', ' 人情往来 ', ' 餐饮美食 ', ' 通信物流 ', ' 生活日用 ',  '交通出行 ', ' 休闲娱乐 ', ' 其他 ']
# 饼图的数据
money_scale = [800 / 3000, 100 / 3000, 1000 / 3000, 200 / 3000, 300 / 3000, 200 / 3000, 200 / 3000, 200 / 3000]
dev_position = [0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3]
# 绘制饼图
plt.pie(money_scale, labels=kinds, autopct='%3.1f%%', shadow=True,explode=dev_position, startangle=90)
plt.show()

 

绘制散点图或气泡图 

num = 50
x = np.random.rand(num)
y = np.random.rand(num)
plt.scatter(x, y)

num = 50
x = np.random.rand(num)
y = np.random.rand(num)
area = (30 * np.random.rand(num))**2
plt.scatter(x, y, s=area)

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
# 准备 x 轴和 y 轴的数据
x_speed = np.arange(10, 210, 10)
y_distance = np.array([0.5, 2.0, 4.4, 7.9, 12.3, 17.7, 24.1, 31.5, 39.9, 49.2, 59.5, 70.8, 83.1, 96.4, 110.7,126.0, 142.2, 159.4, 177.6, 196.8])
# 绘制散点图
plt.scatter(x_speed, y_distance, s=50, alpha=0.9)
plt.show()

 

 绘制箱形图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
data = np.random.randn(100)
# 绘制箱形图 : 显示中位数的线条， 箱体宽度为 0.3， 填充箱体颜色， 不显示异常值
plt.boxplot(data, meanline=True, widths=0.3, patch_artist=True, 
   showfliers=False)
plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
data_2018 = np.array([5200, 5254.5, 5283.4, 5107.8, 5443.3, 5550.6, 6400.2, 6404.9, 5483.1, 5330.2, 5543, 6199.9])
data_2017 = np.array([4605.2, 4710.3, 5168.9, 4767.2, 4947, 5203, 6047.4, 5945.5, 5219.6, 5038.1, 5196.3, 5698.6])
# 绘制箱形图
plt.boxplot([data_2018, data_2017], labels=('2018 年 ', '2017 年 '),
meanline=True, widths=0.5, vert=False, patch_artist=True)
plt.show()

 

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
dim_num = 6
data = np.array([[0.40, 0.32, 0.35, 0.30, 0.30, 0.88],
                 [0.85, 0.35, 0.30, 0.40, 0.40, 0.30],
                 [0.43, 0.89, 0.30, 0.28, 0.22, 0.30],
                 [0.30, 0.25, 0.48, 0.85, 0.45, 0.40],
                 [0.20, 0.38, 0.87, 0.45, 0.32, 0.28],
                 [0.34, 0.31, 0.38, 0.40, 0.92, 0.28]])
angles = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, dim_num, endpoint=False)
angles = np.concatenate((angles, [angles[0]]))
data = np.concatenate((data, [data[0]]))
# 维度标签
radar_labels = [' 研究型 (I)', ' 艺术型 (A)', ' 社会型 (S)', ' 企业型 (E)', ' 传统型 (C)', ' 现实型 (R)']
radar_labels = np.concatenate((radar_labels, [radar_labels[0]]))
# 绘制雷达图
plt.polar(angles, data)
# 设置极坐标的标签
plt.thetagrids(angles * 180/np.pi, labels=radar_labels)
# 填充多边形
plt.fill(angles, data, alpha=0.25)
plt.show()

 

 绘制误差棒图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x=np.arange(5)
y = (25, 32, 34, 20, 25)
y_offset = (3, 5, 2, 3, 3)
plt.errorbar(x, y, yerr=y_offset, capsize=3, capthick=2)
plt.show()

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.family'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
# 准备 x 轴和 y 轴的数据
x = np.arange(3)
y1 = np.array([2.04, 1.57, 1.63])
y2 = np.array([1.69, 1.61, 1.64])
y3 = np.array([4.65, 4.99, 4.94])
y4 = np.array([3.39, 2.33, 4.10])
# 指定测量偏差
error1 = [0.16, 0.08, 0.10]
error2 = [0.27, 0.14, 0.14]
error3 = [0.34, 0.32, 0.29]
error4 = [0.23, 0.23, 0.39]
bar_width = 0.2
# 绘制柱形图
plt.bar(x, y1, bar_width)
plt.bar(x + bar_width, y2, bar_width, align="center", 
tick_label=[" 春季 ", " 夏季 ", " 秋季 "])
plt.bar(x + 2*bar_width, y3, bar_width)
plt.bar(x + 3*bar_width, y4, bar_width)
# 绘制误差棒 : 横杆大小为 3, 线条宽度为 3, 线条颜色为黑色 , 数据点标记为像素点
plt.errorbar(x, y1, yerr=error1, capsize=3, elinewidth=2, fmt='k,')
plt.errorbar(x + bar_width, y2, yerr=error2, capsize=3, 
 elinewidth=2, fmt='k,')
plt.errorbar(x + 2*bar_width, y3, yerr=error3, capsize=3, 
 elinewidth=2, fmt='k,')
plt.errorbar(x + 3*bar_width, y4, yerr=error4, capsize=3, 
 elinewidth=2, fmt='k,')
plt.show()