django数据模型外键的使用

外键的使用

• 作者与书籍是一对多的关系，一个作者可以出版多本书籍，但一个书籍只能有一个作者出版

class Author(models.Model):
   name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
   phone = models.CharField(max_length=11)
   email = models.EmailField()
   age = models.IntegerField(default=0)
class Book(models.Model):
   title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
   author = models.ForeignKey("Author", on_delete=None)
   book_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

• 其中，on_delete字段：

on_delete=None,               # 删除关联表中的数据时,当前表与其关联的field的行为
on_delete=models.CASCADE,     # 删除关联数据,与之关联也删除
on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,  # 删除关联数据,什么也不做
on_delete=models.PROTECT,     # 删除关联数据,引发错误ProtectedError
# models.ForeignKey('关联表', on_delete=models.SET_NULL, blank=True, null=True)
on_delete=models.SET_NULL,    # 删除关联数据,与之关联的值设置为null（前提FK字段需要设置为可空,一对一同理）
# models.ForeignKey('关联表', on_delete=models.SET_DEFAULT, default='默认值')
on_delete=models.SET_DEFAULT, # 删除关联数据,与之关联的值设置为默认值（前提FK字段需要设置默认值,一对一同理）
on_delete=models.SET,         # 删除关联数据,
 a. 与之关联的值设置为指定值,设置：models.SET(值)
 b. 与之关联的值设置为可执行对象的返回值,设置：models.SET(可执行对象)

插入数据

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
from models import Author,Book
# Create your views here.

def insertauthor(request):
    name = request.GET.get('name')
    phone = request.GET.get("phone")
    email = request.GET.get("email")
    age = request.GET.get("age")
    author = Author()
	author.name = name
	author.phone = phone
	author.email = email
	author.age = age
	author.save()
    return HttpResponse("ok")
def insertBook(request):
    title = request.GET.get('title')
    name = request.GET.get("name")
    authors = Author.objects.filter(name=name)
    author = authors[0]
    book = Book()
    book.title = title
    book.author = author.id
    book.save()
    return HttpResponse("ok")
def search(request):
    name = request.GET.get("name")
    books = Book.objects.filter(author=author)
    book = books[0]
    author = book.author.value
    string = "%s %s" % (name, author)
    return HttpResponse(string)