CS61A 18sp -- Lecture16 (Inheritance) 笔记

Lecture16 Inheritance

一. Attributes

1. Looking Up Attributes by Name <expression> . <name>

To evaluate a dot expression:

1. Evaluate the 《expression》 to the left of the dot, which yields the object of the dot expression
2. 《name》 is matched against the instance attributes of that object; if an attribute with that name exists, its value is returned
3. If not, 《name》 is looked up in the class, which yields a class attribute value
4. That value is returned unless it is a function, in which case a bound method is returned instead

2. Class Attributes

Class attributes are “shared” across all instances of a class because they are attributes of the class, not the instance

二、Attribute Assignment

• If the object is aninstance, then assignment sets an instance attribute
• If the object is a class, then assignment sets a class attribute

举例：

三、Inheritance

1. Looking Up Attribute Names on Classes
   
   规则：

To look up a name in a class:
<1> If it names an attribute in the class, return the attribute value.
<2> Otherwise, look up the name in the base class, if there is one.

四、Object-Oriented Design

1. Designing for Inheritance
   

2. Inheritance and Composition

Inheritance is best for representing is-a relationships
• E.g., a checking account is a specific type of account
• So, CheckingAccount inherits from Account
Composition is best for representing has-a relationships
• E.g., a bank has a collection of bank accounts it manages
• So, A bank has a list of accounts as an attribute