python基础-字符串

• 字符串

• 本是字符串数据类型。任何以文本形式写入的数据类型都是字符串。单引号、双引号或三引号下的任何数据都是字符串。有不同的字符串方法和内置函数来处理字符串数据类型。要检查字符串的长度，请使用 len() 方法。

• 创建字符串

letter = "p"
print(letter) # p
print(len(letter)) #1
greeting = 'Hello, World!'  # String could be made using a single or double quote,"Hello, World!"
print(greeting)             # Hello, World!
print(len(greeting))        # 13
sentence = "I hope you are enjoying 30 days of Python Challenge"
print(sentence)

• 字符串 ‘’’ 和 “”" 的创建方式

multiline_string = '''I am a teacher and enjoy teaching.
I didn't find anything as rewarding as empowering people.
That is why I created 30 days of python.'''
print(multiline_string)

# Another way of doing the same thing
multiline_string = """I am a teacher and enjoy teaching.
I didn't find anything as rewarding as empowering people.
That is why I created 30 days of python."""
print(multiline_string)

• 连接字符串

• 连接字符串使用+

first_name = "abc"
last_name = "efg"
space = ""
full_name = first_name + space + last_name
print(full_name) # abc efg
print(len(full_name)) #7
print(len(first_name)> len(last_name)) # False

• 字符串中的转义序列

• 在 Python 和其他编程语言中，\ 后跟一个字符是一个转义序列。让我们看看最常见的转义字符：

\n 换行
\t 制表符 空格8个
\\ 反斜杠
\' 单引号
\" 双引号
print("ab\nc")
print("a\tb\tc")
print("abc\\")
print("\"ab\"c")
print("\'ab\'c")
结果：
ab
c
a     b    c
abc \
"ab"c
'ab'c

• 字符串格式(旧)

• 在Python中，采用的格式化方式和C语言是一致的，用%实现，举例如下：
  %s - 字符串（或任何具有字符串表示的对象，如数字）
  %d - 整数
  %f - 浮点数
  “%. number of digits f” - 具有固定精度的浮点数

简单例子：
h = [1,3,4,5,6,8,9]
name = ["c","b","a"]
for hh in h:
    aa="亲爱的 %s 你好！你月的话费是%d" %("a",hh)
    print(aa)
 亲爱的 a 你好！你月的话费是1
亲爱的 a 你好！你月的话费是3
亲爱的 a 你好！你月的话费是4
亲爱的 a 你好！你月的话费是5
亲爱的 a 你好！你月的话费是6
亲爱的 a 你好！你月的话费是8
亲爱的 a 你好！你月的话费是9
first_name = 'Asabeneh'
last_name = 'Yetayeh'
language = 'Python'
formated_string = "Im am %s. I%s teach %s"%(first_name,last_name,language)
print(formated_string)
输出结果：Im am Asabeneh. I Yetayeh teach Python

%d 整数 和 %.number of difitsf 浮点 
radius = 10
pi = 3.14
area = pi * radius ** 2
formated_string = 'The area of circle with a radius %d is %.2f.' %(radius, area)
print(formated_string)
# The area of circle with a radius 10 is 314.00.
formated_string = 'The area of circle with a radius %05d is %.2f.' %(radius, area)
print(formated_string)
# The area of circle with a radius 00010 is 314.00.
其中：%05d 表示总长度 为5 ,000 10
%.2f 表示314.00

python_libraries = ['Django', 'Flask', 'NumPy', 'Matplotlib','Pandas']
formated_string = 'The following are python libraries:%s' % (python_libraries)
print(formated_string) # "The following are python libraries:['Django', 'Flask', 'NumPy', 'Matplotlib','Pandas']"

• 字符串（新）

• python3 才能{ } 新的字符串格式

first_name = 'Asabeneh'
last_name = 'Yetayeh'
language = 'Python'
formated_string = 'I am {} {}. I teach {}'.format(first_name, last_name, language)
print(formated_string)
a = 4
b = 3

print('{} + {} = {}'.format(a, b, a + b))
print('{} - {} = {}'.format(a, b, a - b))
print('{} * {} = {}'.format(a, b, a * b))
print('{} / {} = {:.2f}'.format(a, b, a / b)) # 限制为小数点后两位
print('{} % {} = {}'.format(a, b, a % b))
print('{} // {} = {}'.format(a, b, a // b))
print('{} ** {} = {}'.format(a, b, a ** b))

# output
4 + 3 = 7
4 - 3 = 1
4 * 3 = 12
4 / 3 = 1.33
4 % 3 = 1
4 // 3 = 1
4 ** 3 = 64

# Strings  and numbers
radius = 10
pi = 3.14
area = pi * radius ** 2
formated_string = 'The area of a circle with a radius {} is {:.2f}.'.format(radius, area) # 2 digits after decimal
print(formated_string)

• 字符串插值（f-strings）

• 插值python3.6+ 使用f"{}" 进行插值

a = 4
b = 3
print(f'{a} + {b} = {a +b}')
print(f'{a} - {b} = {a - b}')
print(f'{a} * {b} = {a * b}')
print(f'{a} / {b} = {a / b:.2f}')
print(f'{a} % {b} = {a % b}')
print(f'{a} // {b} = {a // b}')
print(f'{a} ** {b} = {a ** b}')

• python 字符串作为字符序列
• Python 字符串是字符序列，并与其他 Python 有序对象序列（列表和元组）共享它们的基本访问方法。从字符串（以及任何序列中的单个成员）中提取单个字符的最简单方法是将它们解包到相应的变量中。

拆包
language = 'Python' 包
a,b,c,d,e,f = language 
print(a) # P
print(b) # y
print(c) # t
print(d) # h
print(e) # o
print(f) # n

• 搜索引用访问字符串中的字符

• 在编程中，计数从零开始。因此，字符串的第一个字母的索引为零，字符串的最后一个字母是字符串的长度减一。
  

language = 'Python'
first_letter = language[0]
print(first_letter) # P
second_letter = language[1]
print(second_letter) # y
last_index = len(language) - 1
last_letter = language[last_index]
print(last_letter) # n  没有就最后一个啦

• 如果我们想从右端开始，我们可以使用负索引。-1 是最后一个索引。

language = 'Python'
first_letter = language[-1]
print(first_letter) # n
second_letter = language[-2]
print(second_letter) # 0