第十一章 测试代码
动手试一试代码实现
(1)习题内容
11-1 城市和国家:编写一个函数,它接受两个形参:一个城市名和一个国家名。这个函数返回一个格式为City,Country的字符串,如Santiago,Chile。将这个函数存储在一个名为city_functions.py的模块中。
创建一个名为test_cities.py的程序,对刚编写的函数进行测试(别忘了,你需要导入模块unittest以及要测试的函数)。编写一个名为test_city_country()的方法,核实使用类似于‘santiago’和‘chile’这样的值来调用前述函数时,得到的字符串是正确的。运行test_cities.py,确认测试test_city_country()通过了。
11-2 人口数量:修改前面的函数,使其包含第三个必不可少的形参population,并返回一个格式为City,Country - population *** 的字符串,如Santiago,Chile - population 5000000。运行test_cities.py,确认测试test_city_country()未通过。
修改上述函数,将形参population设置为可选的。再次运行test_cities.py,确认测试test_city_country()又通过了。
再编写一个名为test_city_country_population()的测试,核实可以使用类似于’santiago’、'chile’和‘population=5000000’这样的值来调用这个函数。再次运行test_cities.py,确认测试test_city_country_population()通过了。
11-3 雇员:编写一个名为Employee的类,其方法__init__()接受名、姓和年薪,并将它们都存储在属性中。编写一个名为give_raise()的方法,它默认将年薪增加5000美元,但也能够接受其他的年薪增加量。
为Employee编写一个测试用例,其中包含两个测试方法:test_give_default_raise()和test_give_custom_raise()。使用方法setUp(),以免在每个测试方法中都创建新的雇员实例。运行这个测试用例,确认两个测试都通过了。
(2)代码实现
11-1 城市和国家
# test_cities.py
# 11-1 city and country
import unittest
from city_functions import city_decribe
class CityTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test_city_country(self):
city_test=city_decribe('santiago','chile')
self.assertEqual(city_test,'Santiago,Chile')
unittest.main()
11-2 人口数量
# 11-2 population numbers
# add the third essential format parameter, population
import unittest
from city_functions1 import city_decribe1
class CityTestCase1(unittest.TestCase):
# make sure test_city_country1() fails this time
def test_city_country1(self):
city_test1=city_decribe1('santiago','chile')
self.assertEqual(city_test1,'Santiago,Chile')
unittest.main()
# 11-2 population numbers
# add the third optional format parameter, population
import unittest
from city_functions2 import city_decribe2
class CityTestCase2(unittest.TestCase):
# make sure test_city_country2() success this time
def test_city_country2(self):
city_test2=city_decribe2('santiago','chile')
self.assertEqual(city_test2,'Santiago,Chile - population 0')
unittest.main()
# 11-2 population numbers
# test test_city_country_populaiton()
import unittest
from city_functions1 import city_decribe1
class CityTestCase3(unittest.TestCase):
# make sure test_city_country_population() success when popution=5000000
def test_city_country_population(self):
city_test3=city_decribe1('santiago','chile',5000000)
self.assertEqual(city_test3,'Santiago,Chile - population 5000000')
unittest.main()
11-3 雇员
import unittest
from class_Employee import Employee
class TestEmployee(unittest.TestCase):
'''test class Employee'''
def setUp(self):
self.employee=Employee('si','li',45000)
def test_give_default_raise(self):
self.employee.give_raise()
self.assertEqual(self.employee.annual_salary,50000)
def test_give_custom_raise(self):
self.employee.give_raise(6000)
self.assertEqual(self.employee.annual_salary,51000)
unittest.main()
(3)模块导入
city_functions模块
def city_decribe(city,country):
city_country=city.title()+','+country.title()
return city_country
city_functions1模块
def city_decribe1(city,country,population):
city_country1=city.title()+','+country.title()+' - population '+str(population)
return city_country1
city_functions2模块
def city_decribe2(city,country,population=0):
city_country2=city.title()+','+country.title()+' - population '+str(population)
return city_country2
class_Employee模块
# compile class Employee
class Employee():
def __init__(self,last_name,first_name,annual_salary):
self.last_name=last_name
self.first_name=first_name
self.annual_salary=annual_salary
def give_raise(self,increment=5000):
self.annual_salary=self.annual_salary+increment