ubuntu64位配置兼容32位程序手册

ubuntu64位配置兼容32位程序手册

# ubuntu20.04amd64安装并配置NK6000
# 换源（/etc/apt/sources.list）：

#添加阿里源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
#添加清华源
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 这些源特别是清华的源或许有问题

#ubuntu32位源
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse

# ubuntu20.04 WSL
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security multiverse

# ubuntu gnome 32位
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe

# debian32位源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security buster/updates main contrib non-free
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ buster-updates main contrib non-free

# 下载公钥验证软件源
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 648ACFD622F3D138 0E98404D386FA1D9 DCC9EFBF77E11517 112695A0E562B32A 54404762BBB6E853

# 暂时忽略安全性
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ca-certificates
# 除了命令，还可以把https改为http忽略安全性要求

# 若报错如下：
# W: GPG 错误：http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu trusty InRelease: 由于没有公钥，无法验证下列签名： NO_PUBKEY 467B942D3A79BD29
# E: 仓库 “http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu trusty InRelease” 没有数字签名。
# N: 无法安全地用该源进行更新，所以默认禁用该源。
# N: 参见 apt-secure(8) 手册以了解仓库创建和用户配置方面的细节。
# 则可按照如下方式导入公钥
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 467B942D3A79BD29
# 或
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 467B942D3A79BD29 2>/dev/null | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/mysql.gpg > /dev/null

# 运行32位的程序，报错“找不到文件”
sudo apt-get install lib32stdc++6 lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 # lib32ncurses5可能有误
# 以下是因为缺库而开启的下载32位库环境之旅
sudo apt install libxi6:i386 libxtst6:i386
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 && sudo apt update
sudo apt install libxrender1:i386
sudo apt install libxrandr2:i386
sudo apt install libxcursor1:i386
sudo apt install libxinerama1:i386
sudo apt install libsm6:i386
sudo apt install libaio1:i386
# 终于大功告成，amd64的ubuntu20成功运行32位的程序
# 查看某个程序的库依赖
ldd pathToProgram
# Warning: Qt: Locales not supported on X server
sudo apt update
sudo apt install locales
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
# 具体选项看国家和地区，然后确保没有警告和报错，最后重启系统

# 安装32位版本的gcc和g++
sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib g++-multilib

#确定系统是否支持32位程序
dpkg --print-foreign-architectures
#出现i386等即可
# 开启系统对32位的支持
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt update
# 安装软件时指定32位
sudo apt install <database-package>:i386

# 字符编码下载管理
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

# 仅临时修改dns服务器地址
sudo vim /etc/resolv.conf
# 修改完退出即刻生效

# 永久修改wsl ubuntu的dns服务器
sudo vim /etc/wsl.conf
# 内容如下：
# [network]
# generateResolvConf = false
# 然后在powershell关闭wsl
wsl --shutdown
# 删除并重建/etc/resolv.conf，内容如下：
nameserver 8.8.8.8