C-Language-Programming (C语言程序设计)

C-Language-Programming (C语言程序设计)

目录

正文

关键字

包括数据类型关键字、控制语句关键字、存储类型关键字、其他类型关键字

数据类型关键字

  • int 声明整型变量或函数

  • short 声明短整型变量或函数

  • long 声明长整型变量或函数

  • float 声明单精度浮点型变量或函数

  • double 声明双精度浮点型变量或函数

  • char 声明字符型变量或函数

  • enum 声明枚举型变量或函数

  • signed 声明有符号型变量或函数

  • unsigned 声明无符号型变量或函数

  • struct 声明结构体型变量或函数

  • union 声明共用体(联合)型变量或函数

  • void 声明无类型(无参数或无返回值)指针变量或函数

控制语句关键字

包括循环语句关键字、条件语句关键字、开关语句关键字、返回语句关键字

循环语句关键字
  • for | for循环

  • do | do-whlie循环

  • while | while循环/do-while循环

  • break | 跳出当前循环

  • continue | 结束当前循环并开始下一轮循环

条件语句关键字
  • if | if语句 / if-else语句

  • else | if-else语句

  • goto | 无条件跳转语句

开关语句关键字
  • switch | switch语句 / switch-case语句(开关语句)

  • case | switch-case语句(开关语句分支)

  • default | 开关语句其他分支

返回语句关键字
  • return | 子程序返回语句(可以带参数或不带参数)

存储类型关键字

  • auto | 声明自动变量(一般不使用)

  • extern | 声明变量在其他文件中正声明(或看作引用变量)

  • register | 声明寄存器变量

  • static | 声明静态变量

其他类型关键字

  • const | 声明只读变量

  • sizeof | 计算数据类型长度

  • typedef | 用作给数据类型取别名(或其他作用)

  • volatile | 说明变量在程序运行在可被隐含地改变

运算符

包括算术运算符、赋值运算符、复合赋值运算符、递增递减运算符

算术运算符

  • 加法运算符 +

  • 减法运算符 -

  • 乘法运算符 *

  • 乘法运算符 /

  • 取余(模)运算符 %

赋值运算符

  • 赋值运算符 =

复合赋值运算符

  • 加法赋值运算符 +=

  • 减法赋值运算符 -=

  • 乘法赋值运算符 *=

  • 除法赋值运算符 /=

  • 取余(模)赋值运算符 %=

递增递减运算符

  • 递增(自增)运算符 ++

  • 递减(自减)运算符 –

控制语句

包括分支(条件判断)语句、循环语句、转向语句

分支(条件判断)语句

  • if语句

  • switch语句

循环语句

  • while语句

  • do-while语句

  • for语句

转向语句

  • brack语句

  • goto语句

  • continue语句

  • return语句

数据类型

包括基本类型、构造类型、其他类型

基本类型

  • 整型 int

  • 字符型 char

  • 浮点型(实型)

  • 单精度浮点型 float

  • 双精度浮点型 double

构造类型

  • 数组类型 [ ]

  • 结构类型 struct

  • 联合类型 union

  • 枚举类型 enum

其他类型

  • 指针类型 *

  • 空类型(无值型) void

常量

包括整型常量、浮点型常量、字符型常量、字符串型常量、符号常量

整型常量

250、-100、0

浮点型常量

0.25、3.14、-3.44

字符型常量

‘a’、‘b’、‘1’

字符串型常量

“你好”、“a”、“1c34”

符号常量

?#define a 3

程序结构

包括顺序结构、选择(分支)结构、循环(重复)结构

顺序结构

选择(分支)结构

包括简单选择结构、复杂选择结构

简单选择结构
  • if语句
复杂选择结构
  • 嵌套if语句

  • switch语句

循环(重复)结构

  • while循环(后执型结构)
    • while循环=while(表达式){循环体}
  • do while循环(先执型结构)
    • do while循环=do{循环体}while(表达式)
  • for循环
    • for循环=for(表达式1;表达式2;表达式3){循环体}
    • for循环=for(变量初值;判定条件;改变变量){循环体}
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The C programming Language 第二版英文版 內容列表 Table of Contents Preface.......................................................... Preface to the first edition..................................... Introduction..................................................... Chapter 1 - A Tutorial Introduction.............................. 1.1 Getting Started................................ 1.2 Variables and Arithmetic Expressions........... 1.3 The for statement.............................. 1.4 Symbolic Constants............................. 1.5 Character Input and Output..................... 1.5.1 File Copying.......................... 1.5.2 Character Counting.................... 1.5.3 Line Counting......................... 1.5.4 Word Counting......................... 1.6 Arrays......................................... 1.7 Functions...................................... 1.8 Arguments - Call by Value...................... 1.9 Character Arrays............................... 1.10 External Variables and Scope.................. Chapter 2 - Types, Operators and Expressions..................... 2.1 Variable Names................................. 2.2 Data Types and Sizes........................... 2.3 Constants...................................... 2.4 Declarations................................... 2.5 Arithmetic Operators........................... 2.6 Relational and Logical Operators............... 2.7 Type Conversions............................... 2.8 Increment and Decrement Operators.............. 2.9 Bitwise Operators.............................. 2.10 Assignment Operators and Expressions.......... 2.11 Conditional Expressions....................... 2.12 Precedence and Order of Evaluation............ Chapter 3 - Control Flow......................................... 3.1 Statements and Blocks.......................... 3.2 If-Else........................................ 3.3 Else-If........................................ 3.4 Switch......................................... 3.5 Loops - While and For.......................... 3.6 Loops - Do-While............................... 3.7 Break and Continue............................. 3.8 Goto and labels................................ Chapter 4 - Functions and Program Structure...................... 4.1 Basics of Functions............................ 4.2 Functions Returning Non-integers............... 4.3 External Variables............................. 4.4 Scope Rules.................................... 4.5 Header Files................................... 4.6 Static Variables................................ 4.7 Register Variables.............................. 4.8 Block Structure................................. 4.9 Initialization.................................. 4.10 Recursion...................................... 4.11 The C Preprocessor............................. 4.11.1 File Inclusion........................ 4.11.2 Macro Substitution.................... 4.11.3 Conditional Inclusion................. Chapter 5 - Pointers and Arrays.................................. 5.1 Pointers and Addresses......................... 5.2 Pointers and Function Arguments................ 5.3 Pointers and Arrays............................ 5.4 Address Arithmetic............................. 5.5 Character Pointers and Functions............... 5.6 Pointer Arrays; Pointers to Pointers........... 5.7 Multi-dimensional Arrays....................... 5.8 Initialization of Pointer Arrays............... 5.9 Pointers vs. Multi-dimensional Arrays.......... 5.10 Command-line Arguments........................ 5.11 Pointers to Functions......................... 5.12 Complicated Declarations...................... Chapter 6 - Structures........................................... 6.1 Basics of Structures........................... 6.2 Structures and Functions....................... 6.3 Arrays of Structures........................... 6.4 Pointers to Structures......................... 6.5 Self-referential Structures.................... 6.6 Table Lookup................................... 6.7 Typedef........................................ 6.8 Unions......................................... 6.9 Bit-fields..................................... Chapter 7 - Input and Output..................................... 7.1 Standard Input and Output....................... 7.2 Formatted Output - printf....................... 7.3 Variable-length Argument Lists.................. 7.4 Formatted Input - Scanf......................... 7.5 File Access..................................... 7.6 Error Handling - Stderr and Exit................ 7.7 Line Input and Output........................... 7.8 Miscellaneous Functions......................... 7.8.1 String Operations...................... 7.8.2 Character Class Testing and Conversion. 7.8.3 Ungetc................................. 7.8.4 Command Execution...................... 7.8.5 Storage Management..................... 7.8.6 Mathematical Functions................. 7.8.7 Random Number generation............... Chapter 8 - The UNIX System Interface............................ 8.1 File Descriptors............................... 8.2 Low Level I/O - Read and Write................. 8.3 Open, Creat, Close, Unlink..................... 8.4 Random Access - Lseek.......................... 8.5 Example - An implementation of Fopen and Getc.. 8.6 Example - Listing Directories.................. 8.7 Example - A Storage Allocator.................. Appendix A - Reference Manual.................................... A.1 Introduction................................... A.2 Lexical Conventions............................ A.2.1 Tokens................................ A.2.2 Comments.............................. A.2.3 Identifiers........................... A.2.4 Keywords.............................. A.2.5 Constants............................. A.2.6 String Literals....................... A.3 Syntax Notation................................ A.4 Meaning of Identifiers......................... A.4.1 Storage Class......................... A.4.2 Basic Types........................... A.4.3 Derived types......................... A.4.4 Type Qualifiers....................... A.5 Objects and Lvalues............................ A.6 Conversions.................................... A.6.1 Integral Promotion.................... A.6.2 Integral Conversions.................. A.6.3 Integer and Floating.................. A.6.4 Floating Types........................ A.6.5 Arithmetic Conversions................ A.6.6 Pointers and Integers................. A.6.7 Void.................................. A.6.8 Pointers to Void...................... A.7 Expressions.................................... A.7.1 Pointer Conversion.................... A.7.2 Primary Expressions................... A.7.3 Postfix Expressions................... A.7.4 Unary Operators....................... A.7.5 Casts................................. A.7.6 Multiplicative Operators.............. A.7.7 Additive Operators.................... A.7.8 Shift Operators....................... A.7.9 Relational Operators.................. A.7.10 Equality Operators................... A.7.11 Bitwise AND Operator................. A.7.12 Bitwise Exclusive OR Operator........ A.7.13 Bitwise Inclusive OR Operator........ A.7.14 Logical AND Operator................. A.7.15 Logical OR Operator.................. A.7.16 Conditional Operator................. A.7.17 Assignment Expressions............... A.7.18 Comma Operator.......................... A.7.19 Constant Expressions.................... A.8 Declarations..................................... A.8.1 Storage Class Specifiers................. A.8.2 Type Specifiers.......................... A.8.3 Structure and Union Declarations......... A.8.4 Enumerations............................. A.8.5 Declarators.............................. A.8.6 Meaning of Declarators................... A.8.7 Initialization........................... A.8.8 Type names............................... A.8.9 Typedef.................................. A.8.10 Type Equivalence........................ A.9 Statements....................................... A.9.1 Labeled Statements....................... A.9.2 Expression Statement..................... A.9.3 Compound Statement....................... A.9.4 Selection Statements..................... A.9.5 Iteration Statements..................... A.9.6 Jump statements.......................... A.10 External Declarations........................... A.10.1 Function Definitions.................... A.10.2 External Declarations................... A.11 Scope and Linkage............................... A.11.1 Lexical Scope........................... A.11.2 Linkage................................. A.12 Preprocessing................................... A.12.1 Trigraph Sequences...................... A.12.2 Line Splicing........................... A.12.3 Macro Definition and Expansion.......... A.12.4 File Inclusion.......................... A.12.5 Conditional Compilation................. A.12.6 Line Control............................ A.12.7 Error Generation........................ A.12.8 Pragmas................................. A.12.9 Null directive.......................... A.12.10 Predefined names....................... A.13 Grammar......................................... Appendix B - Standard Library.................................... B.1.1 File Operations................................ B.1.2 Formatted Output......................... B.1.3 Formatted Input.......................... B.1.4 Character Input and Output Functions..... B.1.5 Direct Input and Output Functions........ B.1.6 File Positioning Functions............... B.1.7 Error Functions.......................... B.2 Character Class Tests: ................. B.3 String Functions: ..................... B.4 Mathematical Functions: ................. B.5 Utility Functions: ....................

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