图像边缘检测

图像边缘检测

1.sobel理论

$$G=\sqrt{G_X^2+G_y^2}$$

分别计算X轴方向上的梯度差，y轴方向上的梯度差，然后再权重相加。

Sobel(src, ddepth, dx, dy, dst=None, ksize=None, scale=None, delta=None, borderType=None)

import cv2
import numpy as np
o =cv2.imread("image/sobel.bmp",cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
sobelx = cv2.Sobel(o,cv2.CV_64F,1,0,ksize=3)
sobely = cv2.Sobel(o,cv2.CV_64F,0,1,ksize=3)
sobelx = cv2.convertScaleAbs(sobelx)
sobely = cv2.convertScaleAbs(sobely)
sobelxy = cv2.addWeighted(sobelx,0.5,sobely,0.5,0)
sobelxy11= cv2.Sobel(o,cv2.CV_64F,1,1,ksize=3)
cv2.imshow("original",o)
cv2.imshow("x",sobelx)
cv2.imshow("y",sobely)
cv2.imshow("xy",sobelxy)
cv2.imshow("xy11",sobelxy11)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

2.scharr理论

Scharr(src, ddepth, dx, dy, dst=None, scale=None, delta=None, borderType=None)

与sobel不同的是，不能同时计算X轴方向和y轴方向的梯度，否则会报错

import cv2
import numpy as np
o = cv2.imread('image\\scharr.bmp',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
scharrxy11=cv2.Scharr(o,cv2.CV_64F,1,1)
cv2.imshow("original",o)
cv2.imshow("xy11",scharrxy11)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#此时会报错：
# error: (-215) dx >= 0 && dy >= 0 && dx+dy == 1
# in function cv::getScharrKernels

3.sobel算子和scharr算子对比

import cv2
import numpy as np
o = cv2.imread('image\\lena.bmp',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
sobelx = cv2.Sobel(o,cv2.CV_64F,1,0,ksize=3)
sobely = cv2.Sobel(o,cv2.CV_64F,0,1,ksize=3)
sobelx = cv2.convertScaleAbs(sobelx)   # 转回uint8  
sobely = cv2.convertScaleAbs(sobely)  
sobelxy =  cv2.addWeighted(sobelx,0.5,sobely,0.5,0)  

scharrx = cv2.Scharr(o,cv2.CV_64F,1,0)
scharry = cv2.Scharr(o,cv2.CV_64F,0,1)
scharrx = cv2.convertScaleAbs(scharrx)   # 转回uint8  
scharry = cv2.convertScaleAbs(scharry)  
scharrxy =  cv2.addWeighted(scharrx,0.5,scharry,0.5,0) 

cv2.imshow("original",o)
cv2.imshow("sobelxy",sobelxy)
cv2.imshow("scharrxy",scharrxy)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

4. 拉普拉斯Laplacian算子

Laplacian(src, ddepth, dst=None, ksize=None, scale=None, delta=None, borderType=None)

import cv2
import numpy as np
o = cv2.imread('image\\lena.bmp',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
laplacian = cv2.Laplacian(o,cv2.CV_64F)
laplacian = cv2.convertScaleAbs(laplacian)   # 转回uint8 
cv2.imshow("original",o)
cv2.imshow("laplacian",laplacian)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

5.Canny边缘检测

Canny(image, threshold1, threshold2, edges=None, apertureSize=None, L2gradient=None)

import cv2
import numpy as np
o=cv2.imread("image\\lena.bmp",cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
r1=cv2.Canny(o,100,200)
r2=cv2.Canny(o,64,128)
cv2.imshow("original",o)
cv2.imshow("result1",r1)
cv2.imshow("result2",r2)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

比较不同的阈值选取对检测结果的影响