一些图论算法的代码实现


朴素 Dijkstra 算法的代码实现
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = 510;

int n, m;
int g[N][N], dist[N];
bool st[N]; // 集合S

void dijkstra() {
    memset(dist, 0x3f, sizeof dist);
    dist[1] = 0;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int t = -1;
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            if (!st[j] && (t == -1 || dist[j] < dist[t])) 
                t = j;
        }
        
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
            dist[j] = min(dist[j], dist[t] + g[t][j]);
            
        st[t] = true;
    }
}

int main() {
    cin >> n >> m;
    
    memset(g, 0x3f, sizeof g);
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        g[a][b] = min(g[a][b], c);
    }
    
    dijkstra();
    
    if (dist[n] == 0x3f3f3f3f) cout << -1 << endl;
    else cout << dist[n] << endl;
    return 0;
}
堆优化 Dijkstra 算法的代码实现
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

typedef pair<int, int> PII;

const int N = 2e5 + 10;

int n, m;
int h[N], e[N], w[N], ne[N], idx;
int dist[N];
bool st[N];

void add(int a, int b, int c) {
    e[idx] = b, w[idx] = c, ne[idx] = h[a], h[a] = idx++;
}

void dijkstra() {
    memset(dist, 0x3f, sizeof dist);
    dist[1] = 0;
    
    priority_queue<PII, vector<PII>, greater<PII>> pq;
    pq.push({0, 1});
    
    while (!pq.empty()) {
        auto [_, t] = pq.top(); pq.pop(); // 此处不可以用引用
        if (st[t]) continue;
        
        for (int i = h[t]; i != -1; i = ne[i]) {
            int j = e[i];
            if (dist[j] > dist[t] + w[i]) {
                dist[j] = dist[t] + w[i];
                pq.push({dist[j], j});
            }
        }
        
        st[t] = true;
    }
}

int main() {
    cin >> n >> m;
    
    memset(h, -1, sizeof h);
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        add(a, b, c);
    }
    
    dijkstra();
    
    if (dist[n] == 0x3f3f3f3f) cout << -1 << endl;
    else cout << dist[n] << endl;
    return 0;
}
Bellman-Ford 算法的代码实现
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = 510, M = 1e4 + 10;

int n, m, k;
int dist[N], last[N];

struct Edge {
    int a, b, w;
}edges[M];

void bellman_ford() {
    memset(dist, 0x3f, sizeof dist);
    dist[1] = 0;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
        memcpy(last, dist, sizeof dist);
        for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
            int a = edges[j].a, b = edges[j].b, w = edges[j].w;
            dist[b] = min(dist[b], last[a] + w);
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    cin >> n >> m >> k;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        edges[i] = {a, b, c};
    }
    
    bellman_ford();
    
    if (dist[n] > 0x3f3f3f3f / 2) cout << "impossible" << endl;
    else cout << dist[n] << endl;
    return 0;
}
SPFA 算法的代码实现
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = 1e5 + 10;

int n, m;
int h[N], e[N], w[N], ne[N], idx;
int dist[N];
bool st[N]; // 标记某个点是否已在队列中

void add(int a, int b, int c) {
    e[idx] = b, w[idx] = c, ne[idx] = h[a], h[a] = idx++;
}

void spfa() {
    memset(dist, 0x3f, sizeof dist);
    dist[1] = 0;
    
    queue<int> que;
    que.push(1);
    st[1] = true;
    
    while (!que.empty()) {
        auto t = que.front(); que.pop();
        st[t] = false; // 标记t已不在队列中
        
        for (int i = h[t]; i != -1; i = ne[i]) {
            int j = e[i];
            if (dist[j] > dist[t] + w[i]) {
                dist[j] = dist[t] + w[i];
                if (!st[j]) {
                    st[j] = true;
                    que.push(j);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    cin >> n >> m;
    
    memset(h, -1, sizeof h);
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        add(a, b, c);
    }
    
    spfa();
    
    if (dist[n] == 0x3f3f3f3f) cout << "impossible" << endl;
    else cout << dist[n] << endl;
    return 0;
}
SPFA 判负环的代码实现
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = 2010, M = 1e4 + 10;

int n, m;
int h[N], e[M], w[M], ne[M], idx;
int dist[N], cnt[N];
bool st[N];

void add(int a, int b, int c) {
    e[idx] = b, w[idx] = c, ne[idx] = h[a], h[a] = idx++;
}

bool spfa() {
    queue<int> que;
    
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        que.push(i);
        st[i] = true;
    }
    
    while (!que.empty()) {
        auto t = que.front(); que.pop();
        st[t] = false;
        
        for (int i = h[t]; i != -1; i = ne[i]) {
            int j = e[i];
            if (dist[j] > dist[t] + w[i]) {
                dist[j] = dist[t] + w[i];
                cnt[j] = cnt[t] + 1;
                if (cnt[j] >= n) return true;
                if (!st[j]) {
                    que.push(j);
                    st[j] = true;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

int main() {
    cin >> n >> m;
    
    memset(h, -1, sizeof h);
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        add(a, b, c);
    }
    
    if (spfa()) cout << "Yes" << endl;
    else cout << "No" << endl;
    return 0;
}
Floyd 算法的代码实现
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = 210;

int n, m, q;
int d[N][N];

void floyd() {
    for (int k = 1; k <= n; k++) {
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
                d[i][j] = min(d[i][j], d[i][k] + d[k][j]);
            }
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    cin >> n >> m >> q;
    
    memset(d, 0x3f, sizeof d);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) d[i][i] = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        d[a][b] = min(d[a][b], c);
    }
    
    floyd();
    
    for (int i = 0; i < q; i++) {
        int a, b;
        cin >> a >> b;
        if (d[a][b] > 0x3f3f3f3f / 2) cout << "impossible" << endl;
        else cout << d[a][b] << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}
Prim 算法求最小生成树
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = 510, INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;

int n, m;
int g[N][N], dist[N];
bool st[N];

int prim() {
    memset(dist, 0x3f, sizeof dist);
    
    int res = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int t = -1;
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            if (!st[j] && (t == -1 || dist[j] < dist[t]))
                t = j;
        }
        
        if (i && dist[t] == INF) return INF;
        if (i) res += dist[t];
        
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
            dist[j] = min(dist[j], g[t][j]);
        }
        
        st[t] = true;
    }
    return res;
}

int main() {
    cin >> n >> m;
    
    memset(g, 0x3f, sizeof g);
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        g[a][b] = g[b][a] = min(g[a][b], c); // 无向图需要添加两条有向边
    }
    
    int t = prim();
    if (t == INF) cout << "impossible" << endl;
    else cout << t << endl;
    return 0;
}
Kruskal 算法求最小生成树
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = 1e5 + 10, M = N * 2, INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;

int n, m;
int p[N];

struct Edge {
    int a, b, w;
    bool operator<(const Edge& e) {
        return w < e.w;
    }
}edges[M];

int find(int x) {
    if (p[x] != x) p[x] = find(p[x]);
    return p[x];
}

int kruskal() {
    sort(edges, edges + m);
    
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) p[i] = i; // 初始化并查集
    
    int res = 0, cnt = 0; // res是当前最小生成树的总长度,cnt是当前最小生成树的总边数
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a = edges[i].a, b = edges[i].b, w = edges[i].w;
        a = find(a), b = find(b);
        if (a != b) {
            p[a] = b;
            res += w;
            cnt++;
        }
    }
    
    if (cnt == n - 1) return res;
    else return INF;
}

int main() {
    cin >> n >> m;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        edges[i] = {a, b, c};
    }
    
    int t = kruskal();
    if (t == INF) cout << "impossible" << endl;
    else cout << t << endl;
    return 0;
}
染色法判定二分图
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = 1e5 + 10, M = N * 2; // 无向图边数为点数的2倍

int n, m;
int h[N], e[M], ne[M], idx;
int color[N];

void add(int a, int b) {
    e[idx] = b, ne[idx] = h[a], h[a] = idx++;
}

bool dfs(int u, int c) { // 尝试将节点u染成颜色c
    color[u] = c;
    
    for (int i = h[u]; i != -1; i = ne[i]) {
        int j = e[i];
        if (!color[j]) {
            if (!dfs(j, 3 - c)) return false; // 若为子节点染色失败,则返回false
        }
        else if (color[j] == c) return false; // 若子节点已染色但和当前节点所染颜色一样,则返回false
    }
    return true; // 若整个连通块均染色顺利,则说明当前连通块是二分图
}

int main() {
    cin >> n >> m;
    
    memset(h, -1, sizeof h);
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b;
        cin >> a >> b;
        add(a, b), add(b, a); // 无向图要添加两条有向边
    }
    
    bool flag = true;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        if (!color[i]) {
            if (!dfs(i, 1)) { // 若没有染色成功,则说明不是二分图,应置flag为false,并立即退出
                flag = false;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    
    if (flag) cout << "Yes" << endl;
    else cout << "No" << endl;
    return 0;
}
匈牙利算法求二分图的最大匹配
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = 510, M = 1e5 + 10;

int n1, n2, m;
int h[N], e[M], ne[M], idx;
int match[N];
bool st[N];

void add(int a, int b) {
    e[idx] = b, ne[idx] = h[a], h[a] = idx++;
}

bool find(int x) { // 为左半部的点x寻找能够匹配的邻居。若能找到,则返回true;否则,返回false
    for (int i = h[x]; i != -1; i = ne[i]) { // 遍历x的所有邻居
        int j = e[i];
        if (!st[j]) { // 如果该邻居尚未被之前的点考虑过,则
            st[j] = true; // 考虑该邻居(不管后面有没有匹配成功,都要将j标记为“已考虑过”)
            if (match[j] == 0 || find(match[j])) { // 若该邻居尚未被匹配,或能为匹配该邻居的点找到新的邻居,则
                match[j] = x; // 让该邻居匹配点x
                return true; // 返回匹配成功
            }
        }
    }
    return false; // 若遍历完所有邻居都未能匹配,则匹配失败
}

int main() {
    cin >> n1 >> n2 >> m;
    
    memset(h, -1, sizeof h);
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b;
        cin >> a >> b;
        add(a, b);
    }
    
    int res = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n1; i++) {
        memset(st, false, sizeof st);
        if (find(i)) res++; // find函数的功能是为点i寻找能够匹配的邻居
    }
    
    cout << res << endl;
    return 0;
}
有向图的拓扑序
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = 1e5 + 10;

int n, m;
int h[N], e[N], ne[N], idx;
int ind[N];

void add(int a, int b) {
    e[idx] = b, ne[idx] = h[a], h[a] = idx++;
}

vector<int> top_sort() {
    /* 初始时,将所有入度为0的点加入队列 */
    queue<int> que;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        if (ind[i] == 0) que.push(i);
    }
    
    vector<int> res;
    while (!que.empty()) {
        auto t = que.front(); que.pop();
        res.push_back(t);
        for (int i = h[t]; i != -1; i = ne[i]) {
            int j = e[i];
            ind[j]--;
            if (ind[j] == 0) que.push(j);
        }
    }
    return res;
}

int main() {
    cin >> n >> m;
    
    memset(h, -1, sizeof h);
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        int a, b;
        cin >> a >> b;
        add(a, b);
        ind[b]++;
    }
    
    auto t = top_sort();
    if (t.size() == n) {
        for (auto x : t) cout << x << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
    else cout << -1 << endl;
    return 0;
}
快速排序
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = 1e5 + 10;

int n;
int a[N];

void quick_sort(int a[], int l, int r) {
    if (l >= r) return;
    
    int x = a[l + r >> 1];
    
    int i = l - 1, j = r + 1;
    while (i < j) {
        do i++; while (a[i] < x);
        do j--; while (a[j] > x);
        if (i < j) swap(a[i], a[j]);
    }
    
    quick_sort(a, l, j);
    quick_sort(a, j + 1, r);
}

int main() {
    cin >> n;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> a[i];
    
    quick_sort(a, 0, n - 1);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cout << a[i] << " ";
    cout << endl;
    return 0;
}
归并排序
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int N = 1e5 + 10;

int n;
int a[N], tmp[N];

void merge_sort(int a[], int l, int r) {
    if (l >= r) return;
    
    int mid = l + r >> 1;
    merge_sort(a, l, mid);
    merge_sort(a, mid + 1, r);
    
    int i = l, j = mid + 1, k = 0;
    while (i <= mid && j <= r) {
        if (a[i] <= a[j]) tmp[k++] = a[i++];
        else tmp[k++] = a[j++];
    }
    while (i <= mid) tmp[k++] = a[i++];
    while (j <= r) tmp[k++] = a[j++];
    
    for (int i = l, j = 0; i <= r; i++, j++) a[i] = tmp[j];
}

int main() {
    cin >> n;
    
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cin >> a[i];
    
    merge_sort(a, 0, n - 1);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) cout << a[i] << " ";
    cout << endl;
    
    return 0;
}
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