Request&Response
1 Request(请求)&Response(响应)介绍
- Request:获取请求数据
- Response:设置响应数据
2 Request
2.1 Request继承体系
ServletRequest和HttpServletRequest的关系是什么?
request对象是有谁来创建的?
request提供了哪些API,这些API从哪里查?
- Tomcat需要解析请求数据,封装为request对象,并且创建request对象传递到service方法
- 使用Request对象,查阅JavaEE API文档的HttpServletRequest接口
2.2 Request获取请求数据
2.2.1 获取请求数据
HTTP请求数据总共分为三部分内容,分别是请求行、请求头、请求体
Request对象都提供了对应的API方法来获取对应的值:
-
请求行
Sring getMethod()获取请求方式:GET
Sring getContextPath()获取项目访问路径:/request-demo
SringBuffer getRequestURL()获取请求URL:http://localhost:8080/request-demo/req1
Sring getRequestURI()获取请求URI:/request-demo/req1
Sring getQueryString()获取GET请求方式的请求参数:username=zhangsan&password=123 -
请求头
String getHeader(String name)根据请求头名称获取其对应的值 -
请求体
注意: POST请求有请求体,GET请求无请求体
如果是纯文本数据: BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流
如果是字节数据如文件数据:ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流
2.2.2 通用方式获取请求参数
- 请求参数获取方式:
GET方式:String getQueryString()
POST方式:BufferedReader getReader();
思考:
GET请求方式和POST请求方式区别主要在于获取请求参数的方式不一样, 是否可以提供一种统一获取请求参 数的方式,从而统一doGet 和doPost方法内的代码?
request对象把分割后的请求参数,存入到一个Map集合中:
- 获取所有参数Map集合:Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap() //标签的name:value。值是数组,因为有时传来的同name键对应多个value,例如checkbox。
- 根据名称获取参数值(数组):String[] getParameterValues(String name)
- 根据名称获取参数值(单个值),最常用:String getParameter(String name)
【示例】
- html页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/request-demo/req2" method="get">
<input type="text" name="username"><br>
<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="1"> 游泳
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="2"> 爬山 <br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
- 获取所有参数的Map集合
package com.zs.web;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
@WebServlet("/req1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//GET请求逻辑
System.out.println("get....");
//1. 获取所有参数的Map集合
Map<String, String[]> map = req.getParameterMap();
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
// username:zhangsan lisi
System.out.print(key+":");
//获取值
String[] values = map.get(key);
for (String value : values) {
System.out.print(value + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(req,resp);
}
}
控制台输出:
- 根据名称获取参数值(数组)
//2. 根据key获取参数值(数组)
String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
for (String hobby:hobbies) {
System.out.println(hobby);
}
控制台输出效果:
4. 根据名称获取参数值(单个值)
//3. 根据key获取参数值(单个值)
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
System.out.println(username);
System.out.println(password);
控制台效果:
我们会发现post与get一样,在Servlet代码中获取页面传递POST请求的参数值;将req.html页面form表单的提交方式改成post;将doGet方法中的内容直接复制到doPost方法中同样可以实现
因此我们可以这样写doGet和doPost代码:
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//采用request提供的获取请求参数的通用方式来获取请求参数
//编写其他的业务代码...
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(req,resp);
}
}
2.3 IDEA模板创建Servlet
- Servlet模板创建
稍作修改模板内容:
#if (${PACKAGE_NAME} && ${PACKAGE_NAME} != "")package ${PACKAGE_NAME};#end
#parse("File Header.java")
#if ($JAVAEE_TYPE == "jakarta")
import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.http.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.*;
#else
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
#end
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/${Entity_Name}")
public class ${Class_Name} extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request,response)
}
注意:新建文件里面没有Servlet解决办法:
参考文章:idea文件右键创建New没有Create New Servlet的解决办法
2.4 请求参数中文乱码问题(Tomcat8以后已解决)
乱码原因和解决思路
getParameter方法
post乱码原因:获取参数底层是获取请求体方法getReader(),获取到的参数编码为ISO-8859-1。
解决思路:设置请求编码为utf-8,或者将请求参数的字符串解码为utf-8。
get乱码原因:提交表单后,get请求参数会进行ISO-8859-1的url编码追加到地址栏链接后面,Tomcat7获取到的参数编码为ISO-8859-1的url编码,Tomcat8之后版本获取到的参数编码为utf-8的URL编码。
解决思路:使用Tomcat8之后版本或者先ISO-8859-1的url解码成字符数组,再utf-8编码。
POST请求解决方案:设置输入流的编码
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //注意HTML页面head里设置编码也要是utf-8
通用方式(GET/POST):先解码,再编码
new String(username.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"),"UTF-8");
【示例】POST请求乱码问题
/**
* 中文乱码问题解决方案
*/
@WebServlet("/req4")
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 解决乱码: POST getReader()
//设置字符输入流的编码,设置的字符集要和页面保持一致
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //Tomcat8可以注释这句
//2. 获取username
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println(username);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
【示例】GET请求乱码问题
@WebServlet("/req4")
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.解决乱码
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//设置字符输入流编码
//2.获取username
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("解决乱码前:"+username);
//3.GET,获取参数的方式:getQueryString
//乱码原因:tomcat进行URL解码默认的字符集时ISO-8859-1
/*//先对乱码数据进行编码:转为字节数组
byte[] bytes = username.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
//字节数组解码
username = new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);*/
username = new String(username.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1),StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
System.out.println("解决乱码后:"+username);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
【扩展】URL编码解码
编码过程分两步
(1)将字符串按照编码方式转为二进制
(2)每个字节转为2个16进制数并在前边加上%
例如,张三按照UTF-8的方式转换成二进制的结果为:
1110 0101 1011 1100 1010 0000 1110 0100 1011 1000 1000 1001
Java中提供了编码和解码的API工具类可以让我们更快速的进行编码和解码
Java中url编码和解码的API工具类:
编码:
java.net.URLEncoder.encode("需要被编码的内容","字符集(UTF-8)")
解码:
java.net.URLDecoder.decode("需要被解码的内容","字符集(UTF-8)")
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
public class URLDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
String username = "张三";
//1. URL编码
String encode = URLEncoder.encode(username, "utf-8");
System.out.println(encode); //打印:%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89
//2. URL解码
//String decode = URLDecoder.decode(encode, "utf-8");//打印:张三
String decode = URLDecoder.decode(encode, "ISO-8859-1");//打印:`å¼ ä¸ `
System.out.println(decode);
//3. 转换为字节数据
byte[] bytes = decode.getBytes("ISO-8859-1");
/*for (byte b:bytes) {
System.out.print(b+" ");//-27 -68 -96 -28 -72 -119
}*/
//4. 将字节数组转换为字符串。解码
String s = new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
System.out.println(s); //张三
}
}
2.5 Request请求转发
- 请求转发(forward):一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式。
- 请求转发的实现方式:
req.getRequestDispatcher("资源B路径").forward(req,resp);
【示例】实现请求转发
@WebServlet("/req5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo5...");
//请求转发
request.getRequestDispatcher("/req6").forward(request,response);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
@WebServlet("/req6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo6..");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
在浏览器访问后,控制台有输出:
请求转发资源间共享数据:使用Request对象
-
存储数据到request域[范围,数据是存储在request对象]中
void setAttribute(String name,Object o); -
根据key获取值
Object getAttribute(String name); -
根据key删除该键值对
void removeAttribute(String name);
【示例】
req5:
//存储数据
request.setAttribute("msg","hello");
req6:
//获取数据
Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
控制台输出结果:
请求转发的特点:
浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
只能转发到当前服务器的内部资源。不能从一个服务器通过转发访问另一台服务器
一次请求,可以在转发资源间使用request共享数据
3 Response
Request:使用request对象来获取请求数据
Response:使用response对象来设置响应数据
3.1 Response设置响应数据功能介绍
- 响应数据分为三部分
3.2 Response完成重定向
- 重定向(redirect):一种资源跳转方式
- 简单来说:浏览器请求资源A,A处理不了说B能处理,浏览器再请求资源B。
- 实现方式一:
resp.setStatus(302);
resp.setHeader("location","资源B的访问路径");
- 实现方式二:简化方式
resposne.sendRedirect("/request-demo/resp2")
- 重定向特点:(与请求转发特点正好相反)
浏览器地址栏路径发送变化(当进行重定向访问的时候,由于是由浏览器发送的两次请求,所以地址会发生变化)
可以重定向到任何位置的资源(服务内容、外部均可)因为第一次响应结果中包含了浏览器下次要跳转的路径,所以这个路径是可以任意位置资源。
两次请求,不能在多个资源使用request共享数据,因为浏览器发送了两次请求,是两个不同的request对象,就无法通过request对象进行共享数据
重定向刷新不会重新提交表单,效率低,适用于不同业务间。
【示例】重定向
@WebServlet("/resp1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("resp1...");
//重定向
/*//1. 设置响应状态码302
response.setStatus(302);
//2. 设置响应头 Location
response.setHeader("Location","/request-demo2/resp2");*/
//简化方式完成重定向
response.sendRedirect("/request-demo2/resp2");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
@WebServlet("/resp2")
public class ResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("resp2...");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
控制台输出结果:
- 资源路径问题:
- 明确路径给谁使用
浏览器使用:需要加虚拟目录(项目访问路径)
服务端使用:不需要加虚拟目录 - 练习
<a href=‘路径’> 从浏览器发送,需要加
<form action=‘路径’> 从浏览器发送,需要加
req.getRequestDispatcher(“路径”) 从服务器内部跳转,不需要加
resp.sendRedirect(“路径”) 是由浏览器进行跳转,需要加。
- 动态获取虚拟目录
防止后期通过Tomcat插件配置了项目的访问路径,那么所有需要重定向的地方都需要重新修改,在代码中动态去获取项目访问的虚拟目录,使用request对象中的请求行获取虚拟目录方法getContextPath()
@WebServlet("/resp1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("resp1...");
//重定向
/*//1. 设置响应状态码302
response.setStatus(302);
//2. 设置响应头 Location
response.setHeader("Location","/request-demo2/resp2");*/
//简化方式完成重定向
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
response.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/resp2");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
3.3 Response响应字符数据
- 设置内容类型contentType和编码:response.setContentType(“text/html;charset=utf-8”);
通过Response对象获取字符输出流: PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
通过字符输出流写数据: writer.write(“aaa”);
【示例】
/**
* 响应字符数据:设置字符数据的响应体
*/
@WebServlet("/resp3")
public class ResponseDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//必须设置编码,否则中文会乱码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1. 获取字符输出流
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
writer.write("aaa");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
返回一串html字符串,并且能被浏览器解析:
//设置响应的数据格式以及字符集编码,否则中文会乱码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1. 获取字符输出流
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
//response.setHeader("content-type","text/html");
writer.write("aaa");
writer.write("<h1>aaa</h1>");
注意:
- 这里的流不用关闭,随着响应结束,reponse对象销毁,有服务器关闭
- 中文乱码问题:
原因:通过Response获取的字符输出流默认编码:ISO-885901
解决:response.setContentType(“text/html;charset=utf-8”);
3.4 Response响应字节数据
- 通过Response对象获取字节输出流:
ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream(); - 通过字节输出流写数据:
outputStream.write(字节数据);
【示例】响应字节数据
/**
* 响应字节数据:设置字节数据的响应体
*/
@WebServlet("/resp4")
public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 读取数据
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("d://aa.jpg");
//2. 获取response字节输出流
ServletOutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
//3. 完成流的copy
byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len = fis.read(buff)) != -1){
os.write(buff,0,len);
}
fis.close();
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
注意:可以简写流的copy代码,使用IOUtils.copy(fis,os)进行流的复制(推荐)
IOUtils工具类使用
(1)pom.xml中导入坐标添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
(2)使用:IOUtils.copy(输入流,输出流);
【示例】响应字节数据简化后代码
@WebServlet("/resp4")
public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 读取数据
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("d://aa.jpg");
//2. 获取response字节输出流
ServletOutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
//3. 完成流的copy
IOUtils.copy(fis,os);
fis.close();
}
4 案例
参考文章:JavaWeb小项目(一) - 用户登录(Request/Response综合应用)
4.1 用户登录
- 用户填写用户名密码,提交到LoginServlet
- 在LoginServlet中使用MyBatis查询数据库,验证用户名密码是否正确
- 如果正确,响应“登录成功”,如果错误,响应“登录失败”
准备环境:
-
将静态页面放到到项目的webapp目录下
-
创建db1数据库,创建tb_ user表, 创建User实体类
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_user;
-- 创建用户表,在db1数据库下创建
CREATE TABLE tb_user(
id int primary key auto_increment,
username varchar(20) unique,
password varchar(32)
);
-- 添加数据
INSERT INTO tb_user(username,password) values('zhangsan','123'),('lisi','234');
SELECT * FROM tb_user;
User实体类
package com.zs.pojo;
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- 导入MyBatis坐标, MySQL 驱动坐标
<!-- 导入mybatis坐标 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.5</version>
</dependency>
<!--
注意事项:Mysql驱动需要尽可能用最新版本,否则版本过低会无法连接数据库
导致报错
-->
<!-- 导入Mysql驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.46</version>
</dependency>
- 创建mybatis-config.xml核心配置 文件,UserMapper.xml映射文件, UserMapper接口
创建mybatis-config.xml核心配置 文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--起别名-->
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.zs.pojo"/>
</typeAliases>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<!--<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///db1?useSSL=false&useServerPrepStmts=true"/>-->
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db1?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="XXXX"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<!--扫描mapper-->
<package name="com.zs.mapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
UserMapper.xml映射文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.zs.mapper.UserMapper">
</mapper>
UserMapper接口:
package com.zs.mapper;
public interface UserMapper {
}
业务逻辑实现:
UserMapper 接口添加select功能:
public interface UserMapper {
/**
* 根据用户名和密码查询用户对象
* @param username
* @param password
* @return
*/
@Select("select * from tb_user where username = #{username} and password = #{password}")
User select(@Param("username") String username, @Param("password") String password);
}
创建 LoginServlet,并实现对应的登录处理逻辑:
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
//1. 接受用户名密码
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
//2. 调用MyBatis完成查询
//获取SqlSessionFactory对象
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//获取SqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//获取Mapper
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
//调用方法
User user = userMapper.select(username, password);
//释放资源
sqlSession.close();
//获取字符输出流并设置content type
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
//3. 判断user是否为null
if (user != null){
//登录成功
writer.write("登录成功!!!");
}else {
//登录失败
writer.write("登录失败!!!");
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
4.2 用户注册
- 用户填写用户名、密码等信息,点击注册按钮,提交到RegisterServlet
- 在RegisterServlet中使用MyBatis保存数据
- 保存前,需要判断用户名是否已经存在:根据用户名查询数据库
业务逻辑实现:
UserMapper 接口添加功能:
/**
* 根据用户名查询用户对象
* @param username
* @return
*/
@Select("select * from tb_user where username = #{username}")
User selectByUsername(String username);
/**
* 添加用户
* @param user
*/
@Insert("insert into tb_user values(null,#{username},#{password})")
void add(User user);
创建 RegisterServlet,并实现对应的登录处理逻辑:
@WebServlet("/registerServlet")
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 接受用户数据
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
//封装用户对象
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
//2. 调用Mapper根据用户名查询用户对象
//获取SqlSessionFactory对象
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
//获取SqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//获取Mapper
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
//调用方法
User u = userMapper.selectByUsername(username);
//3. 判断用户对象是否为null
if (u == null){
//用户名不存在,添加用户
userMapper.add(user);
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
//释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}else {
//用户名存在,给出提示信息
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("用户名已存在!!");
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
4.3 SqlSessionFactory工具类抽取
问题和解决办法:
- 重复代码不利于后期的维护;【工具类】
- SqlSessionFactory工厂类进行重复创建(每一个SqlSessionFactory工厂都绑定了一个连接池,创建多个工厂就意味着有多个连接池,资源消耗会非常大)。【静态代码块(随着类的加载自动执行且只执行一次)】
【示例】简化代码
工具类:
package com.zs.util;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class SqlSessionFactoryUtils {
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
//静态代码块会随着类的加载而自动执行且只执行一次
try {
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static SqlSessionFactory getSqlSessionFactory(){
return sqlSessionFactory;
}
}
简化后:
@WebServlet("/registerServlet")
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 接受用户数据
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
//封装用户对象
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
//2. 调用Mapper根据用户名查询用户对象
//获取SqlSessionFactory对象
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = SqlSessionFactoryUtils.getSqlSessionFactory();
//获取SqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//获取Mapper
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
//调用方法
User u = userMapper.selectByUsername(username);
//3. 判断用户对象是否为null
if (u == null){
//用户名不存在,添加用户
userMapper.add(user);
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
//释放资源
sqlSession.close();
}else {
//用户名存在,给出提示信息
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.getWriter().write("用户名已存在!!");
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(request, response);
}
}
注意:
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
虽然上面语句也重复,但不能抽取到工具类里。因为SqlSession是一个连接、会话,每次连接数据库时候创建一次会话是合适,如果所有连接都共用一个会话会互相影响。
SqlSession是一个会话,相当于JDBC中的一个Connection对象,Mybatis中所有的数据库交互都由SqlSession来完成。