第四周作业

1、自建yum仓库，分别为网络源和本地源

（1） 确认光盘已经挂载到/misc/cd目录下

[root@Centos8 ~]# cd /misc/cd
[root@Centos8 cd]# 
[root@Centos8 cd]# ll
total 30
dr-xr-xr-x. 4 root root  2048 Nov 13 09:04 AppStream
dr-xr-xr-x. 4 root root  2048 Nov 13 09:04 BaseOS
dr-xr-xr-x. 3 root root  2048 Nov 13 09:04 EFI
dr-xr-xr-x. 3 root root  2048 Nov 13 09:04 images
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root  2048 Nov 13 09:04 isolinux
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 18092 Nov 10 08:17 LICENSE
-r--r--r--. 1 root root    87 Nov 13 09:03 media.repo
-r--r--r--. 1 root root   883 Nov 13 09:04 TRANS.TBL

（2）因为yum源只能挂载到/etc/yum.repos.d/中，并且后缀名必须为*.repo,首先需要创建一个文件夹，先把原有的yum源文件备份到这个新的文件夹中

[root@#centos7 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo         CentOS-Media.repo
CentOS-Base.repo.backup  CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-CR.repo           CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo    CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo
CentOS-fasttrack.repo
[root@#centos7 yum.repos.d]# mkdir beifeng
[root@#centos7 yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo beifeng
[root@#centos7 yum.repos.d]# ls
beifeng  CentOS-Base.repo.backup
[root@#centos7 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Base.repo.backup beifeng
[root@#centos7 yum.repos.d]# ls
beifeng
​

（2）创建一个后缀为repo的文件夹，自建yum本地和网络仓库

###

[root@#centos7 yum.repos.d]# vim back.repo
​

[root@Centos8 yum.repos.d]# cat base.repo
[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=file:///misc/cd
    https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos-vault/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
        https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-vault/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos-vault/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
​
[AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos-vault/centos/8/AppStream/x86_64/os/
        https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-vault/centos/8/AppStreamAppStream/x86_64/os/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos-vault/centos/8/AppStream/x86_64/os/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/centos/8/AppStream/x86_64/os/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
​
[epel]
name=EPEL
baseurl=https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64
        https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/8/Everything/x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
​
[ectras]
name=extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos-vault/centos/8/extras/x86_64/os
        https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-vault/centos/8/extras/x86_64/os
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos-vault/centos/8/extras/x86_64/os
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/centos/8/extras/x86_64/os
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
​
​

（3）测试yum仓库是否安转成功

[root@Centos8 ~]# yum repolist 
repo id                                                                                   repo name
AppStream                                                                                 AppStream
BaseOS                                                                                    BaseOS
ectras                                                                                    extras
epel                                                                                      EPEL
​

2、编译安装http2.4，实现可以正常访问，并将编译步骤和结果提交。

（1）关闭防火墙和SELinux

service httpd stop
setenforce 0
[root@Centos8 ~]# service httpd stop
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl stop httpd.service
[root@Centos8 ~]# setenforce 0
​

（2）安转http的环境和各种包

[root@Centos8 ~]# dnf install gcc make autoconf apr-devel apr-util-devel pcre-devel redhat-rpm-config
Last metadata expiration check: 2:06:16 ago on Wed 13 Apr 2022 07:13:22 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
===================================================
 Package     Arch   Version        Repo       Size
===================================================
Installing:
 apr-devel   x86_64 1.6.3-12.el8   AppStream 246 k
 apr-util-devel
             x86_64 1.6.1-6.el8    AppStream  86 k
 autoconf    noarch 2.69-29.el8    AppStream 710 k
 gcc         x86_64 8.5.0-4.el8_5  AppStream  23 M
 make        x86_64 1:4.2.1-10.el8 base      498 k
 pcre-devel  x86_64 8.42-6.el8     base      551 k
 redhat-rpm-config
​

（3）用wget命令 下载httpd的源码压缩包并且用tar命令解压到/usr/local/src中，同时用./configure……进行配置文件

[root@Centos8 ~]# wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.25.tar.bz2
​
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.53]# tar xfv httpd-2.4.53.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
​

[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.53]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-ssl
​
[root@Centos8 httpd-2.4.53]# make -j 4 && make install
​
​

（4）编译并安装

make && make install

(5)进行简单的配置 关闭linux防火墙 关闭SELinux 配置环境 复制启动文件

service httpd stop
关闭防火墙
​
setenforce 0
关闭SELinux
​
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin' >  /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh #配置环境变量
chmod +x /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
配置环境
​
[root@Centos8 ~]# cp /apps/httpd/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
复制启动文件

(6)编辑配置文件，vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf， 在ServerRoot下一行，添加 ServerName localhost

vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the
# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used.  If you wish to share the
# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at
# least PidFile.
#
ServerRoot "/apps/httpd"
ServerName localhost
#
# Mutex: Allows you to set the mutex mechanism and mutex file directory
​

（7）浏览器输入本机IP地址，显示It Works！则证明安装成功

[root@#centos7 ~]# service httpd start 
[root@#centos7 ~]# 
​

3、利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址

[root@#centos7 ~]# ifconfig ens33 |sed -rn '2s/.*inet ([0-9.]+)  netmask.*/\1/p'
10.0.0.152

4、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头，后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符

[root@#centos7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab 
​
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Mar  1 18:12:48 2022
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=9b111c90-7dac-4765-87be-ba3eac777dbf /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=b9d0aa61-700c-4e5d-a76e-9f0b1c4b4267 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=3df9309f-9433-403b-b211-93a42a9f5ef6 /data                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=a99cbc40-4d68-4530-8d23-68d781580747 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
[root@#centos7 ~]# sed -ri.bak 's/^#[ :space: ]+(.*$)/\1/g' /etc/fstab
[root@#centos7 ~]# cat /etc/fstab 
​
#
/etc/fstab
Created by anaconda on Tue Mar  1 18:12:48 2022
#
Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=9b111c90-7dac-4765-87be-ba3eac777dbf /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=b9d0aa61-700c-4e5d-a76e-9f0b1c4b4267 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=3df9309f-9433-403b-b211-93a42a9f5ef6 /data                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=a99cbc40-4d68-4530-8d23-68d781580747 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
​

5、处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名

[root@#centos7 ~]# echo /etc/fstab/ | sed -rn 's#(.*)/([^/]+)/?#\1#p'
/etc#取目录名
[root@#centos7 ~]# echo /etc/fstab/ | sed -rn 's#(.*)/([^/]+)/?#\2#p'
fstab#取基名
​

6、列出ubuntu软件管理工具apt的一些用法(自由总结)

#apt install 安装软件包

#apt remove 移除软件包

#apt purge 移除软件包及配置文件

#apt update 刷新存储库索引

#apt search 搜索应用程序

#apt show 显示安装细节

#apt list 列出包含条件的包（已安装，可升级等）

#apt edit-sources 编辑source源⽂件

#apt-cache madison nginx 查看仓库中软件包有哪些版本可以安装

#apt install nginx=1.14.0-0ubuntu1.6 安装软件包的时候指定安装具体的版本

查看文件来自于哪个包,类似redhat中的yum provides <filename> #apt-file search 'string' 默认是包含此字符串的文件 #apt-file search -x '正则表达式'

显示系统安装包的统计信息,可以统计已经安装包的数量，大小，占用空间等 #apt-cache stats

显示xxx包的信息,可以看到某个包的源、版本等信息 #apt-cache show xxx 更详细 #apt show xxx

查询软件xxx依赖哪些包 #apt depends xxx #apt-cache depends xxx