Spring：1.Spring配置；2.依赖注入

1.Spring配置

(1)别名

<alias name="user" alias="newUser"/>

(2)Bean的配置
id是bean的标识符，如果没有配置id，那么就是默认标识符,如果即有id,又有name，那么name就是别名，name可以设置多个别名，用逗号或者空格隔开。

    <bean id="user" name="u1 u2" class="demo1.User">
        <property name="name" value="张三"/>
        <property name="age" value="25"/>
    </bean>

测试通过别名u1获取user

 @Test
    public void userTest() {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userbeans.xml");

        //User bean = (User) context.getBean("user");
        User bean = context.getBean("u1", User.class);

        System.out.println(bean.getName() + "---" + bean.getAge());
    }

结果

(3)import
配置文件中可以导入多个配置文件，主要用于团队开发

    <import resource="beans.xml"/>
    <import resource="userbeans.xml"/>

2.依赖注入

(1)配置环境
<1>实体类
Address

public class Address {
    private String address;

    public Address() {
    }

    public Address(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Student

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbies;
    private Map<String, String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String car;
    private Properties info;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", address=" + address +
                ", books=" + Arrays.toString(books) +
                ", hobbies=" + hobbies +
                ", card=" + card +
                ", games=" + games +
                ", wife='" + car + '\'' +
                ", info=" + info +
                '}';
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String[] getBooks() {
        return books;
    }

    public void setBooks(String[] books) {
        this.books = books;
    }

    public List<String> getHobbies() {
        return hobbies;
    }

    public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies) {
        this.hobbies = hobbies;
    }

    public Map<String, String> getCard() {
        return card;
    }

    public void setCard(Map<String, String> card) {
        this.card = card;
    }

    public Set<String> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(Set<String> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    public String getCar() {
        return car;
    }

    public void setCar(String car) {
        this.car = car;
    }

    public Properties getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(Properties info) {
        this.info = info;
    }
}

(2)注入方式
<1>构造器注入
主要分为有参构造和无参构造,详情请查看上一篇文章
<2>set方式注入
1>常量注入

<property name="name" value="张三"/>

2>Bean注入

    <bean id="Address" class="demo1.Address">
        <property name="address" value="西安"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="student" name="h1 h2" class="demo1.Student">
    <!--Bean注入-->
        <property name="address" ref="Address"/>
    </bean>

3>数组注入

        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>测试1</value>
                <value>测试2</value>
                <value>测试3</value>
                <value>测试4</value>
            </array>
        </property>

4>LIst注入

        <property name="hobbies">
            <list>
                <value>测试1</value>
                <value>测试2</value>
                <value>测试3</value>
                <value>测试4</value>
            </list>
        </property>

5>Map注入

<property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份证号" value="123456"></entry>
            </map>
        </property>

6>Set注入

        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>LOL</value>
            </set>
        </property>

7>Null注入

        <property name="car">
            <null></null>
        </property>

8>Properties注入

       <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="学号">
                    2021
                </prop>
            </props>
        </property>

测试

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");

        Student student = (Student) applicationContext.getBean("student");

        System.out.println(student.toString());
    }
}

结果

Student{name='张三', address=Address{address='西安'}, books=[测试1, 测试2, 测试3, 测试4], hobbies=[测试1, 测试2, 测试3, 测试4], card={身份证号=123456}, games=[LOL], car='null', info={学号=2021}}