类与对象深度问题与解决技巧(5 如何让类支持比较操作)

有时我们希望自定义类的实例间可以使用,<,<=,>,>=,==,!=符号进行比较,我们自定义比较的行业,例如,有一个矩形的类,比较两个矩形的实例时,比较的是他们的面积.
1 写一个Rect类，用于比较矩形的的面积

from functools import total_ordering


@total_ordering
class Rect(object):
    def __init__(self, w, h):
        self.w = w
        self.h = h

    def area(self):
        return self.w * self.h

    # 打印类的时候调用
    def __str__(self):
        return '(%s,%s)' % (self.w, self.h)

    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.area() < other.area()

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.area() == other.area()


a = Rect(1, 2)
b = Rect(1, 3)
print(a < b)
print(a > b)  # 在python内部进行了替换 a < b

如果值写__lt__函数和__eq__函数就会出现不能判断出>=,<=等情况
print(a <= b)
TypeError: ‘<=’ not supported between instances of ‘Rect’ and ‘Rect’

需要加上装饰器 @total_ordering # True

2 再写一个Cirle类，用于比较圆的的面积

import functools
import math


@functools.total_ordering
class Cirle(object):
    def __init__(self, r):
        self.r = r

    def area(self):
        return self.r ** 2 * math.pi

    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.area() < other.area()

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.area() == other.area()


c1 = Cirle(2)
c2 = Cirle(3)
print(c1 > c2) # False

3 使用抽象基类

from functools import total_ordering
import abc
import math


@total_ordering
class Shape(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def area(self):
        pass

    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.area() < other.area()

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return self.area() == other.area()


class Cirle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, r):
        self.r = r

    def area(self):
        return self.r ** 2 * math.pi


class Rect(Shape):
    def __init__(self, w, h):
        self.w = w
        self.h = h

    def area(self):
        return self.w * self.h


a = Cirle(4)
b = Rect(1, 2)
print(a >= b)