AtCoder Beginner Contest 203（Sponsored by Panasonic） D.Pond(二分+二维前缀和)

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思路：

先来想想暴力的写法：
$n^2$枚举左上角的顶点，$k^2$求最小值。
考虑优化：
$1.$答案有单调性，可以二分答案，省去枚举左上角顶点的复杂度。
$2.$每次$check$的时候，将大于该数的设为$1$，小于该数的设为$0$，这样就可以在$k^2$枚举的时候用二维前缀和$O(1)$查询了。
注意下边界问题，用第几小或第几大都是能过的。

代码：

第几小

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<ll, ll>PLL;
typedef pair<int, int>PII;
typedef pair<double, double>PDD;
#define I_int ll
inline ll read()
{
    ll x = 0, f = 1;
    char ch = getchar();
    while(ch < '0' || ch > '9')
    {
        if(ch == '-')f = -1;
        ch = getchar();
    }
    while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
    {
        x = x * 10 + ch - '0';
        ch = getchar();
    }
    return x * f;
}
#define read read()
#define closeSync ios::sync_with_stdio(0);cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0)
#define multiCase int T;cin>>T;for(int t=1;t<=T;t++)
#define rep(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<=(b);i++)
#define repp(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);i++)
#define per(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i>=(b);i--)
#define perr(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i>(b);i--)
ll ksm(ll a, ll b, ll p)
{
    ll res = 1;
    while(b)
    {
        if(b & 1)res = res * a % p;
        a = a * a % p;
        b >>= 1;
    }
    return res;
}
  
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
#define PI acos(-1)
const int maxn=3e5+100;
const double eps=1e-7;
  
ll n,k,a[810][810],s[810][810],idx;
  
bool check(ll x){
    memset(s,0,sizeof s);
    rep(i,1,n)
        rep(j,1,n)
            if(a[i][j]<=x) s[i][j]=1;
            else s[i][j]=0;
    rep(i,1,n)
        rep(j,1,n)
            s[i][j]=s[i-1][j]+s[i][j-1]-s[i-1][j-1]+s[i][j];
    for(int i=1;i+k-1<=n;i++){
        for(int j=1;j+k-1<=n;j++){
            ll x2=i+k-1,y2=j+k-1;
            ll x1=i,y1=j;
            ll sum=s[x2][y2]+s[x1-1][y1-1]-s[x1-1][y2]-s[x2][y1-1];
            if(sum>=idx) return 1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
  
int main(){
    n=read,k=read;
    idx=(k*k);
    if(idx%2) idx=idx/2+1;
    else idx=idx/2;
    ll l=1e9+1,r=-1,res;
    rep(i,1,n) 
        rep(j,1,n){
            a[i][j]=read;
            l=min(l,a[i][j]);
            r=max(r,a[i][j]);
        } 
    while(l<=r){
        ll mid=(l+r)/2;
        if(check(mid)) r=mid-1,res=mid;
        else l=mid+1;
        //cout<<l<<"*****"<<r<<"*****"<<mid<<"\n";
    }
    printf("%lld\n",res);
    return 0;
}
  
  

第几大

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<ll, ll>PLL;
typedef pair<int, int>PII;
typedef pair<double, double>PDD;
#define I_int ll
inline ll read()
{
    ll x = 0, f = 1;
    char ch = getchar();
    while(ch < '0' || ch > '9')
    {
        if(ch == '-')f = -1;
        ch = getchar();
    }
    while(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
    {
        x = x * 10 + ch - '0';
        ch = getchar();
    }
    return x * f;
}
#define read read()
#define closeSync ios::sync_with_stdio(0);cin.tie(0);cout.tie(0)
#define multiCase int T;cin>>T;for(int t=1;t<=T;t++)
#define rep(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<=(b);i++)
#define repp(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i<(b);i++)
#define per(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i>=(b);i--)
#define perr(i,a,b) for(int i=(a);i>(b);i--)
ll ksm(ll a, ll b, ll p)
{
    ll res = 1;
    while(b)
    {
        if(b & 1)res = res * a % p;
        a = a * a % p;
        b >>= 1;
    }
    return res;
}
  
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
#define PI acos(-1)
const int maxn=3e5+100;
const double eps=1e-7;
  
ll n,k,a[810][810],s[810][810],idx;
  
bool check(ll x){
    memset(s,0,sizeof s);
    rep(i,1,n)
        rep(j,1,n)
            if(a[i][j]>x) s[i][j]=1;
            else s[i][j]=0;
    rep(i,1,n)
        rep(j,1,n)
            s[i][j]=s[i-1][j]+s[i][j-1]-s[i-1][j-1]+s[i][j];
    for(int i=1;i+k-1<=n;i++){
        for(int j=1;j+k-1<=n;j++){
            ll x2=i+k-1,y2=j+k-1;
            ll x1=i,y1=j;
            ll sum=s[x2][y2]+s[x1-1][y1-1]-s[x1-1][y2]-s[x2][y1-1];
            if(sum<idx) return 1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
  
int main(){
    n=read,k=read;
    idx=(k*k)/2+1;
    ll l=1e9+1,r=-1,res;
    rep(i,1,n) 
        rep(j,1,n){
            a[i][j]=read;
            l=min(l,a[i][j]);
            r=max(r,a[i][j]);
        } 
    while(l<=r){
        ll mid=(l+r)/2;
        if(check(mid)) r=mid-1,res=mid;
        else l=mid+1;
        //cout<<l<<"*****"<<r<<"*****"<<mid<<"\n";
    }
    printf("%lld\n",res);
    return 0;
}