Python
print(“Hello World!”)
//打印中文的方法
#-- coding: utf-8 --
print (“中文”)
//获取user input
age = input(“How old are you?”)
print("You are " + age )
//list
first_list = [‘a’, ‘bbbb’, ‘cccccc’]
//不可变列表
number= (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
//字典
person = {“name”: “username”, ‘age’: 18}
&, |, ^, ~, >>,<< 用法
a = 60 # 60 = 0011 1100
b = 13 # 13 = 0000 1101
c = a & b; # 12 = 0000 1100
//if 用法
if name == “xx” and age = 10
print(“pass”)
else
print(“not pass”)
//type cast
//因为input 读取的是string
user_input = int(input(“input a number”))
//for loop
for i in range(20):
print(i)
//continue 用法 #不往下走了,直接进入下一次loop
for i in range(10):
if i<5:
continue
print(“loop:”, i )
//break用法 #不往下走了,直接跳出整个loop
for i in range(10):
if i>5:
break
print(“loop:”, i )
//取值
letter= [“a”,“b”,“c”,“d”,“e”,“f”]
print (letter[0:3]) //取0-3值,包含0,不包含3
print (letter[0::3]) //隔3个取1个(包含本身,相当于跳2个)
//加值n
letter= [“a”,“b”,“c”,“d”,“e”,“f”]
letter.append(“g”)
letter.insert(5,“h”) // 把h放到位置5
b = [m,n,o]
letter.extend(b)
//删除
del letter[4]
letter.remove(“h”)
letter.pop()
//复制
letter2 = letter.copy()
//计数
letter.count(“m”)
letter.index(“m”) //只会返回第一个遇到
//排序
letter.sort()
letter.reverse()
//值处理
name = name.capitalize() //大写
name = name.center(50,"-") //--------------------Name---------------------
//formate 输出
test = “my name is {}, and age is {}”
print(test.format(“ssss”, 20))
//translate: !!!!
intab = “aeiou”
outtab = “12345”
a = str.maketrans(intab, outtab)
test = “this is string example…wow!!!”
print(test.translate(a))
‘th3s 3s str3ng 2x1mpl2…w4w!!!’
//fill in zero
str.zfill(40)
//字典
info = {
‘stu1101’: “a”,
‘stu1102’: “b”,
‘stu1103’: “c”,
}
//字典增加
info[“stu1104”] = “d”
//字典修改
info[‘stu1101’] = “k”
//字典删除
info.pop(“stu1101”)
info.popitem() //随机删除
//字典获取
info.get(“stu1102”)
//多级字典
catalog = {
“a”:{“test1”: [“1”],
“test2”: [“2”],
“test3”: [“3”],
“test4”:[“4”] },a
“b”:{“test5”:[“5”] }
}
catalog [“a”][“test2”][1]
//数集
s = set([3,5,9,10])
t = set(“Hello”)
c = t – s # 求差集(项在t中,但不在s中)
d = t ^ s # 对称差集(项在t或s中,但不会同时出现在二者中)
t.add(‘x’) # 添加一项
s.update([10,37,42]) # 在s中添加多项
t.remove(‘H’)
len(s)
x in s
s.issubset(t)
s.union(t) //返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中的每一个元素
s.intersection(t) //s & t 返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中的公共元素
s.difference(t) //s - t 返回一个新的 set 包含 s 中有但是 t 中没有的元素
//文件操作
f = open(‘lyrics’) #打开文件
first_line = f.readline()
data = f.read()# 读取剩下的所有内容,文件大时不要用
print(data) #打印文件
f.close() #关闭文件
//函数
def cal(x,y):
res = x**y
return res
Change file to list
linelist = [line for line in fileName.readlines()]
sort by substring(list)
mylist = ['XYZ-78.txt', 'XYZ-8.txt', 'XYZ-18.txt']
def func(elem):
return int(elem.split('-')[1].split('.')[0])
sortlist = sorted(mylist,key=func)
for i in sortlist:
print(i)
---------------------
Output:
XYZ-8.txt
XYZ-18.txt
XYZ-78.txt