雅思大作文写作--Cities

Cities 城市

技巧&范文

💡利大于弊、弊大于利题型

在雅思作文中经常会遇到"Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?" 或是"Do the benefits outweigh the drawbacks?" 之类的题型。这类题通常是一方面写一段，在开头段和总结段亮明自己的观点（弊大于利还是利大于弊）。

例题1:

In some countries, governments are encouraging industries and businesses to move to regional areas outside the big cities. Do the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?

题目的意思为，有些国家政府鼓励工商业移至边远地区，利大于弊吗？我们列一个大概的提纲：

• 开头段：将题目改写，引出主题，表明自己的观点
• 主体段：有利的方面。郊区运行成本更低；有更多的空间；促进地方经济发展；避免过度拥堵。
• 主体段：不留的一面。工人们生活在城市里更方便；城市里有更好的通勤和基建；公司位于郊区会导致客户、供应商等很远。
• 总结段：改写开头观点

主体段格式利用“第一、第二、最后”的格式来写

例题2: The disadvantages of living in a city 

City life has several drawbacks.

First, the cost of living in a city is usually much higher than that in a small town or village.

我写的第一个城市生活的缺点是cost，然后需要对这句话进行一个具体的解释。

Inhabitants of cities have to pay higher prices for housing, transport, and even food.

解释为什么花费高--居民们面临高房价，高交通费用，高饮食支出。

Secondly, urban areas tend to suffer from social problems such as high crime and poverty rates in comparison with rural areas.

提出第二个缺点，城市里可能会有更高的犯罪率和贫困率。

Finally, the air quality in the cities is often poor, due to pollution from traffic, and the streets and public transport systems are usually overcrowded.

提出最后一个缺点，城市里的空气质量较差，污染严重，大街上、交通系统中都非常拥挤。

As a result, city life can be unhealthy and stressful.

总结，重申观点。

将以上句子合并，可以得到一个完整的主体段。

💡替换

drawbacks替换disadvantages

inhabitants of cities替换people who live in the cities

housing, transport, and food指代cost of living

urban areas替换cities，这样可以增加词汇的多样性

💡范文

More and more people are migrating to cities in search of a better life, but city life can be extremely difficult. Explain some of the difficulties of living in a city. How can goverments make urban life better for everyone?

题目的意思是，越来越多的人移居城市，寻求更好的生活。但是城市生活可能非常艰辛。举一些例子，并且给出政府可以改善城市生活的意见。

• 开头段：引出主题，给出一般性的答案
• 主体段：陈述难点：生活成本高，失业率高，有压力，交通拥堵，污染（谈问题）
• 主体段：公租房，开发卫星城，促进郊区经济发展，提升公共交通，减少汽车（谈解决措施）
• 总结段：重申（改写）观点

Cities are often seen as places of opportunity, but there are also some major drawbacks of living in a large metroplis. In my opinion, governments could do much more to improve city life for the average inhabitant.

改写，城市里似乎总是充满机遇，但是居住在大城市也有很多明显的缺点。我认为，政府应该有所作为改善城市生活。

The main problem for anyone who hopes to migrate to a large city is that the cost of living is likely to be much higher than it is in a small town or village. Inhabitants of cities have to pay higher prices for housing, transport, and even food. Another issues is that urban areas tend to suffer from social problems such as high crimes and poverty rates in comparison with rural areas. Futhermore, the air quality in cities is often poor, due to pollution from traffic, and the streets and public transport systems are usually overcrowded. As a result, city life can be unhealthy and stressful.

主体段1描述移居城市的问题所在，段尾做一个总结。

However, there are various steps that governments could take to tackle these problems. Firstly, they could invest money in the building of affordable or social housing to reduce the cost of living. Secondly, politicians have the power to ban vehicles from city centers and promote the use of cleaner public transport, which would help to reduce both air pollution drivers has helped to curb the traffic problem. A third option would be to develop provincial towns and rural areas, by moving industry and jobs to those regions, in order to reduce the pressure on major cities.

然而，政府要解决这些问题需要花很多步骤。首先，政府需要投入资金建设廉租房，减少生存成本。此外，官员们可以让重型货车远离市中心，使交通更清洁，减少空气污染，解决交通问题。还可以设置卫星城（随着郊区各项功能的日渐完善，工作、生活和娱乐等设施的有效供给，部分人选择在郊区工作，这就是所谓的卫星城），将城市的产业和就业移到郊区，减轻城市压力。

In conclusioin, governments could certainly implement a range of measures to enhance the quality of life for all city residents.

总结，政府应该出台一些措施提高城市居民的生活质量。

💡翻译练习

寻求就业机会 in search of  job opportunity 

生活成本更高 a higher standard of living 

农村（至少两种说法）countryside/rural areas

流浪者和穷人 homelessness and poverty 

贫富差距 a gap between the rich and poor

交通拥堵 transport congestion

缺乏社区感 lack a sense of community

水泥森林 concrete jungles

大都市 a large metroplis

过度拥挤 overcrowded

廉租房 social housing

发展卫星城 develop provincial towns

城市居民 city residents 

💡城市化的理由

People move to cities in search of job opportunities. Cities can offer greater employment possibilities and a higher standard of living.

人们移居城市是为了寻求工作机会。城市给人们提供了更好的就业机会和更好的生活条件。

Traditional activities like farming need fewer workers nowadays. People migrate to cities from the countryside.

现如今，传统的农业活动不再需要更多的劳动力。人们从农村搬到城市。

💡城市生活的弊端

Life in the cities has its drawbacks. The cost of living is higher than that in rural areas. Housing is usually much more expensive.

城市生活有缺点。城市生活成本要比农村高很多。房价更贵。

Some people do not magage to find work. Homelessness and poverty are common in the cities. There is a gap between the rich and the poor.

一些人找不到工作。城市中的流浪者和穷人非常多，贫富差距明显。

Life in the cities can be extremely stressful.

城市生活会带来很大的压力。

There are problems like traffic congestion and crime in the cities.

城市里有交通堵塞和犯罪问题。

Cities lack a sense of community. People do not even know their neighbors. Cities are sometimes described as "concrete jungles".

市民们缺乏社区感（人与人之间都很独立）。人们甚至不知道他们的邻居是谁。我们通常称之为“水泥森林”。

💡人行道

Pedestrian zones in city center can improve the local environment.

建在市中心的人行道可以提升当地的环境。

Banning cars encourages people to walk or cycle.

汽车禁行，鼓励人们步行或骑行。

Many Europeans cities have built bicycles lanes.

很多欧洲城市都有自行车道。

Dependence on cars is linked to health problems like obesity. People who walk or cycle regulary are generally healthier.

对汽车过度依赖会导致健康问题，比如肥胖。骑行或步行的人一般会更健康。

Pedestrian areas are safer and more attractive for both residents and tourists.

对于游客和居民来说，人行道更安全，更具吸引力。