C++ 运算符重载

偷偷拿来记录一下萌新的cs路——day 29 各种运算符重载方式

加号运算符重载

成员函数重载方式

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

// 加号运算符重载：两自定义数据类型相加的运算
class Person {
public:
	// 成员函数重载+
	Person operator+(Person& p) {
		Person temp;
		temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
		temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
		return temp;
	}
	int m_A;
	int m_B;
};


void test01() {
	Person p1;
	p1.m_A = 10;
	p1.m_B = 10;
	Person p2;
	p2.m_A = 10;
	p2.m_B = 10;
	// 成员函数重载本质调用
	//Person p3 = p1.operator+ (p2);
	Person p3 = p1 + p2;

	cout << "p3.m_A = " << p3.m_A << endl;
	cout << "p3.m_B = " << p3.m_B << endl;
}

int main() {
	test01();
	return 0;
}

运行结果

全局函数重载方式 

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

// 加号运算符重载：两自定义数据类型相加的运算
class Person {
public:
	int m_A;
	int m_B;
};

// 全局函数重载+
Person operator+(Person& p1, Person& p2) {
	Person temp;
	temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
	temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
	return temp;
}

// 函数重载的版本
Person operator+(Person& p1, int num) {
	Person temp;
	temp.m_A = p1.m_A + num;
	temp.m_B = p1.m_B + num;
	return temp;
}

void test01() {
	Person p1;
	p1.m_A = 10;
	p1.m_B = 10;
	Person p2;
	p2.m_A = 10;
	p2.m_B = 10;
	// 全局函数重载本质调用
	Person p3 = operator+(p1, p2);
	// 函数重载版本
	Person p4 = p1 + 100;
	//Person p3 = p1 + p2;

	cout << "p3.m_A = " << p3.m_A << endl;
	cout << "p3.m_B = " << p3.m_B << endl;
	cout << "p4.m_A = " << p4.m_A << endl;
	cout << "p4.m_B = " << p4.m_B << endl;
}

int main() {
	test01();
	return 0;
}

运行结果

左移运算符重载

通常不使用成员函数重载左移运算符，因为无法使cout在右侧。故只能用全局函数重载。

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Person {
public:
	int m_A;
	int m_B;
};

// 简化为 cout<<p
void operator<<(ostream& cout, Person& p) {  // cout：标准输出流对象
	cout << "m_A = " << p.m_A << " m_B = " << p.m_B;
}

void test01() {
	Person p;
	p.m_A = 10; 
	p.m_B = 10;

	cout << p;
}

int main() {
	test01();
    system("pause");
	return 0;
}

运行结果

 由链式编程的思想，为了在cout<<p 后加换行，应使cout<<p 本身返回cout。故程序作如下改动：

 

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Person {
public:
	int m_A;
	int m_B;
};

ostream & operator<<(ostream& cout, Person& p) {
	cout << "m_A = " << p.m_A << " m_B = " << p.m_B;
	return cout;
}

void test01() {
	Person p;
	p.m_A = 10; 
	p.m_B = 10;

	cout << p << "好耶！" << p << endl;
}

int main() {
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

运行结果 

若把cout改名为out，程序依然能正常运行，原因是引用即起别名，out 与cout 占用同一个内存空间。

还可以讲变量设为私有，并设公共接口，达到一样的输出效果：

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class Person {
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout, Person& p);  // 友元

public:
	Person(int a, int b) {  // 公共接口
		Person p(a, b);
		a = p.m_A;
		b = p.m_B;
	}

private:
	int m_A;
	int m_B;
};

ostream & operator<<(ostream& cout, Person& p) { 
	cout << "m_A = " << p.m_A << " m_B = " << p.m_B;
	return cout;
}

void test01() {
	Person p(10, 10);
	cout << p << " 好耶！ " << p << endl;
}

int main() {
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

学了更多知识还会回来更新的，有误之处恳请大佬指正，提前感谢！