Puzzle From the Future题解

A. Puzzle From the Future

time limit per test

1 second

memory limit per test

256 megabytes

input

standard input

output

standard output

In the 20222022 year, Mike found two binary integers aa and bb of length nn (both of them are written only by digits 00 and 11) that can have leading zeroes. In order not to forget them, he wanted to construct integer dd in the following way:

• he creates an integer cc as a result of bitwise summing of aa and bb without transferring carry, so cc may have one or more 22-s. For example, the result of bitwise summing of 01100110 and 11011101 is 12111211 or the sum of 011000011000 and 011000011000 is 022000022000;
• after that Mike replaces equal consecutive digits in cc by one digit, thus getting dd. In the cases above after this operation, 12111211becomes 121121 and 022000022000 becomes 020020 (so, dd won't have equal consecutive digits).

Unfortunately, Mike lost integer aa before he could calculate dd himself. Now, to cheer him up, you want to find any binary integer aa of length nn such that dd will be maximum possible as integer.

Maximum possible as integer means that 102>21102>21, 012<101012<101, 021=21021=21 and so on.

Input

The first line contains a single integer tt (1≤t≤10001≤t≤1000) — the number of test cases.

The first line of each test case contains the integer nn (1≤n≤1051≤n≤105) — the length of aa and bb.

The second line of each test case contains binary integer bb of length nn. The integer bb consists only of digits 00 and 11.

It is guaranteed that the total sum of nn over all tt test cases doesn't exceed 105105.

Output

For each test case output one binary integer aa of length nn. Note, that aa or bb may have leading zeroes but must have the same length nn.

Example

input

Copy

5
1
0
3
011
3
110
6
111000
6
001011

output

Copy

1
110
100
101101
101110

Note

In the first test case, b=0b=0 and choosing a=1a=1 gives d=1d=1 as a result.

In the second test case, b=011b=011 so:

• if you choose a=000a=000, cc will be equal to 011011, so d=01d=01;
• if you choose a=111a=111, cc will be equal to 122122, so d=12d=12;
• if you choose a=010a=010, you'll get d=021d=021.
• If you select a=110a=110, you'll get d=121d=121.

We can show that answer a=110a=110 is optimal and d=121d=121 is maximum possible.

In the third test case, b=110b=110. If you choose a=100a=100, you'll get d=210d=210 and it's the maximum possible dd.

In the fourth test case, b=111000b=111000. If you choose a=101101a=101101, you'll get d=212101d=212101 and it's maximum possible dd.

In the fifth test case, b=001011b=001011. If you choose a=101110a=101110, you'll get d=102121d=102121 and it's maximum possible dd.

题目大意就是找到能使01序列加和结果最大的b，在a和b加和的时候，如果结果有连续相同的数字则只取一个，这就是一个贪心的家思维的题目，因为a和b都是01序列，所以b中只有0和1，不管后面怎样，只要高位优先放1就能满足最大，接着假设b取1则如果满足'1' + a[i] != b[i - 1] + a[i - 1]，假设就成立，取1，否则取0，具体代码如下

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
ll a[2000010];
int main()
{
    std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0);
    ll t;
    cin>>t;
    while(t--)
    {
        int n;
        cin >> n;
        string a;
        cin >> a;
        string b = "1";
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        {
            if ('1' + a[i] != b[i - 1] + a[i - 1])
                b += "1";
            else
                b += "0";
        }
        cout << b << "\n";
    }
    return 0;
}