3.1、数组的解构赋值

        /*
            es6允许按照一定模式从数组和对象中提取值，然后对变量进行赋值，这被称为解构。
        
        */ 

        // 以前，为变量赋值只能直接指定值
        // let a = 1
        // let b = 2
        // let c = 3

        // 现在，es6允许写成这样
        let [a, b, c] = [1, 2, 3]

        // 上面的代码表示，可以从数组中提取值，按照对应位置对变量赋值

        // 本质上,这种写法属于"模式匹配",只要等号两边的模式相同,左边的变量就会被赋予对应的值.

        let [foo, [[bar], baz]] = [1, [[2], 3]]
        console.log(foo)
        console.log(bar)
        console.log(baz)


        let [ , , third] = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
        console.log(third) //baz


        let [x, , y] = [1, 2, 3]
        console.log(x)  //1
        console.log(y)  //3


        let [head, ...tail] = [1, 2, 3, 4]
        console.log(head) //1
        console.log(tail) //[2, 3, 4]


        let [xx, yy, ...zz] = ['xx']
        console.log(xx)   //xx
        console.log(yy)   //undefined
        console.log(zz)   //[]


        // 解构不成功时,foo都会变为undefined
        // let [m] = []
        // console.log(m)  //undefined

        // let [n, m] = [1]
        // console.log(m)  //undefined


        // 解构成功的不完全解构
        let [e, f] = [1, 2, 3]
        console.log(e) //1
        console.log(f) //2


        let [g, [h], k] = [1, [2, 3], 4]
        console.log(g) //1
        console.log(h) //2
        console.log(k) //4


        // 如果等号右边不是数组(或者严格来说不是可遍历的结构),将会报错