目录
3.3.3 分配显存(framebuffer)并把地址告诉LCD控制器
一、LCD驱动程序之层次分析
- 内核有自带的LCD驱动程序fbmem.c，具有分层的思想，对于字符驱动程序来说需要主设备号、设置file_operations结构体(open read write)、register_chrdev()注册 、入口函数和出口函数，这些fbmem.c都具备
- 假设应用程序app：open("/dev/fb0", ...) 主设备号29，次设备号0
在file_operations的open函数中，会定义一个info结构体指针，从registered_fb数组以次设备号为下标得到，并判断info->fbops->fb_open有无open函数，有则调用
fb_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
int fbidx = iminor(inode);
struct fb_info *info;
int res = 0;
if (fbidx >= FB_MAX)
return -ENODEV;
#ifdef CONFIG_KMOD
if (!(info = registered_fb[fbidx]))
try_to_load(fbidx);
#endif /* CONFIG_KMOD */
if (!(info = registered_fb[fbidx]))
return -ENODEV;
if (!try_module_get(info->fbops->owner))
return -ENODEV;
file->private_data = info;
if (info->fbops->fb_open) {
res = info->fbops->fb_open(info,1);
if (res)
module_put(info->fbops->owner);
}
return res;
}在 file_operations的read函数中，大概内容先得到设备节点的次设备号，定义一个结构体info从registered_fb数组以次设备号为下标得到，判断info->fbops->fb_read有无read函数，有则调用，不然从screen_base地址来实现
fb_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long p = *ppos;
struct inode *inode = file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
int fbidx = iminor(inode);
struct fb_info *info = registered_fb[fbidx];
u32 *buffer, *dst;
u32 __iomem *src;
int c, i, cnt = 0, err = 0;
unsigned long total_size;
if (!info || ! info->screen_base)
return -ENODEV;
if (info->state != FBINFO_STATE_RUNNING)
return -EPERM;
if (info->fbops->fb_read)
return info->fbops->fb_read(info, buf, count, ppos);
total_size = info->screen_size;
if (total_size == 0)
total_size = info->fix.smem_len;
if (p >= total_size)
return 0;
if (count >= total_size)
count = total_size;
if (count + p > total_size)
count = total_size - p;
buffer = kmalloc((count > PAGE_SIZE) ? PAGE_SIZE : count,
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!buffer)
return -ENOMEM;
src = (u32 __iomem *) (info->screen_base + p); //screen_base显存的基地址，放到源
if (info->fbops->fb_sync)
info->fbops->fb_sync(info);
while (count) {
c = (count > PAGE_SIZE) ? PAGE_SIZE : count;
dst = buffer;
for (i = c >> 2; i--; )
*dst++ = fb_readl(src++); //从源读数据放到目的framebuffer里
if (c & 3) {
u8 *dst8 = (u8 *) dst;
u8 __iomem *src8 = (u8 __iomem *) src;
for (i = c & 3; i--;)
*dst8++ = fb_readb(src8++);
src = (u32 __iomem *) src8;
}
if (copy_to_user(buf, buffer, c)) {
err = -EFAULT;
break;
}
*ppos += c;
buf += c;
cnt += c;
count -= c;
}
kfree(buffer);
return (err) ? err : cnt;
}- 对于info从数组registered_fb得到，而registered_fb在register_framebuffer中被设置
int register_framebuffer(struct fb_info *fb_info)
{
int i;
struct fb_event event;
struct fb_videomode mode;
if (num_registered_fb == FB_MAX)
return -ENXIO;
num_registered_fb++;
for (i = 0 ; i < FB_MAX; i++)
if (!registered_fb[i])
break;
fb_info->node = i;
fb_info->dev = device_create(fb_class, fb_info->device,
MKDEV(FB_MAJOR, i), "fb%d", i);
if (IS_ERR(fb_info->dev)) {
/* Not fatal */
printk(KERN_WARNING "Unable to create device for framebuffer %d; errno = %ld\n", i, PTR_ERR(fb_info->dev));
fb_info->dev = NULL;
} else
fb_init_device(fb_info);
if (fb_info->pixmap.addr == NULL) {
fb_info->pixmap.addr = kmalloc(FBPIXMAPSIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
if (fb_info->pixmap.addr) {
fb_info->pixmap.size = FBPIXMAPSIZE;
fb_info->pixmap.buf_align = 1;
fb_info->pixmap.scan_align = 1;
fb_info->pixmap.access_align = 32;
fb_info->pixmap.flags = FB_PIXMAP_DEFAULT;
}
}
fb_info->pixmap.offset = 0;
if (!fb_info->pixmap.blit_x)
fb_info->pixmap.blit_x = ~(u32)0;
if (!fb_info->pixmap.blit_y)
fb_info->pixmap.blit_y = ~(u32)0;
if (!fb_info->modelist.prev || !fb_info->modelist.next)
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fb_info->modelist);
fb_var_to_videomode(&mode, &fb_info->var);
fb_add_videomode(&mode, &fb_info->modelist);
registered_fb[i] = fb_info;
event.info = fb_info;
fb_notifier_call_chain(FB_EVENT_FB_REGISTERED, &event);
return 0;
}- 则写一个LCD驱动程序
1. 分配一个fb_info结构体: framebuffer_alloc
2. 设置
3. 注册: register_framebuffer
4. 硬件相关的操作
二、LCD硬件操作
假设有电子枪在LCD上：一遍移动，一边发出颜色（红绿蓝）
1.如何移动
每来1个CLK，移动1个像素
2.颜色如何确定：由RGB确定颜色
R，G，B三组线（不是三条线）
3.电子枪如何得知应该跳到下一行：接受到HSYNC脉冲时
HSYNC：水平同步信号
4.电子枪如何得知应该跳到原点：接受到VSYNC脉冲时
VSYNC：垂直同步信号
5.RGB线上的数据从何来？
在显存FrameBufer里面存储着每个像素点的数据，然后传输给RGB三组线
硬件操作：1.配置引脚用于LCD 2.根据LCD手册设置LCD控制器 3.分配显存，并把地址告诉LCD控制器
三、手动编写LCD驱动程序
3.1 分配一个fb_info
在framebuffer_alloc中参数一是分配额外的空间，这里不需要
s3c_lcd = framebuffer_alloc(0, NULL);3.2 设置fb_info
1.设置固定的参数fix
struct fb_fix_screeninfo {
char id[16]; /* identification string eg "TT Builtin" */ 结构体ID用strcpy
unsigned long smem_start; /* Start of frame buffer mem */ 分配显存(frambbuffer)，在硬件操作设置
/* (physical address) */
__u32 smem_len; /* Length of frame buffer mem */ LCD的长度，这里为480*272*16/8，像素的格式是RGB565，16bpp，2个字节
__u32 type; /* see FB_TYPE_* */ 默认
__u32 type_aux; /* Interleave for interleaved Planes */ 附加的type 默认
__u32 visual; /* see FB_VISUAL_* */ TFTLCD是真彩色，设置为FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR
__u16 xpanstep; /* zero if no hardware panning */ 默认
__u16 ypanstep; /* zero if no hardware panning */ 默认
__u16 ywrapstep; /* zero if no hardware ywrap */ 默认
__u32 line_length; /* length of a line in bytes */ // 1行的长度大小单位是byte，因此为480*2
unsigned long mmio_start; /* Start of Memory Mapped I/O 内存映射的端口，如果想要应用程序访问寄存器的话可以设置，这里默认
/* (physical address) */
__u32 mmio_len; /* Length of Memory Mapped I/O */ 默认
__u32 accel; /* Indicate to driver which */ 默认
/* specific chip/card we have */
__u16 reserved[3]; /* Reserved for future compatibility */ 默认
};
strcpy(s3c_lcd->fix.id, "mylcd");
s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len = 480*272*16/8;
s3c_lcd->fix.type = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS;
s3c_lcd->fix.visual = FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR; /* TFT */
s3c_lcd->fix.line_length = 480*2;2.设置可变的参数
struct fb_var_screeninfo {
__u32 xres; /* visible resolution */ 对于买的lcd分辨率是定死的
__u32 yres;
__u32 xres_virtual; /* virtual resolution */ 对于买的lcd可以设置虚拟分辨率在这设置为跟硬件一样
__u32 yres_virtual;
__u32 xoffset; /* offset from virtual to visible */ 差值 0
__u32 yoffset; /* resolution */__u32 bits_per_pixel; /* guess what */ 每个像素用多少位，对于2440不支持18位，只支持16位
__u32 grayscale; /* != 0 Graylevels instead of colors */ 灰度值，默认struct fb_bitfield red; /* bitfield in fb mem if true color, */ RGB:565对于R的offset为从最低位（右起）偏移11位，占5bit
struct fb_bitfield green; /* else only length is significant */ 同理
struct fb_bitfield blue;
struct fb_bitfield transp; /* transparency */ 透明度，默认__u32 nonstd; /* != 0 Non standard pixel format */ 标准的，默认
__u32 activate; /* see FB_ACTIVATE_* */ 默认
__u32 height; /* height of picture in mm */ lcd物理尺寸
__u32 width; /* width of picture in mm */__u32 accel_flags; /* (OBSOLETE) see fb_info.flags */ 过时了，默认
/* Timing: All values in pixclocks, except pixclock (of course) */
__u32 pixclock; /* pixel clock in ps (pico seconds) */
__u32 left_margin; /* time from sync to picture */
__u32 right_margin; /* time from picture to sync */
__u32 upper_margin; /* time from sync to picture */
__u32 lower_margin;
__u32 hsync_len; /* length of horizontal sync */
__u32 vsync_len; /* length of vertical sync */
__u32 sync; /* see FB_SYNC_* */
__u32 vmode; /* see FB_VMODE_* */
__u32 rotate; /* angle we rotate counter clockwise */
__u32 reserved[5]; /* Reserved for future compatibility */
};
s3c_lcd->var.xres = 480;
s3c_lcd->var.yres = 272;
s3c_lcd->var.xres_virtual = 480;
s3c_lcd->var.yres_virtual = 272;
s3c_lcd->var.bits_per_pixel = 16;
/* RGB:565 */
s3c_lcd->var.red.offset = 11;
s3c_lcd->var.red.length = 5;
s3c_lcd->var.green.offset = 5;
s3c_lcd->var.green.length = 6;
s3c_lcd->var.blue.offset = 0;
s3c_lcd->var.blue.length = 5;
s3c_lcd->var.activate = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW;3.设置操作函数，对显存的操作
static struct fb_ops s3c_lcdfb_ops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.fb_setcolreg = s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg,
.fb_fillrect = cfb_fillrect,
.fb_copyarea = cfb_copyarea,
.fb_imageblit = cfb_imageblit,
};
s3c_lcd->fbops = &s3c_lcdfb_ops;4.其他设置
static inline unsigned int chan_to_field(unsigned int chan, struct fb_bitfield *bf)
{
chan &= 0xffff;
chan >>= 16 - bf->length;
return chan << bf->offset;
}
//调色板的操作函数
static int s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned int regno, unsigned int red,
unsigned int green, unsigned int blue,
unsigned int transp, struct fb_info *info)
{
unsigned int val;
if (regno > 16)
return 1;
/* 用red,green,blue三原色构造出val */
val = chan_to_field(red, &info->var.red);
val |= chan_to_field(green, &info->var.green);
val |= chan_to_field(blue, &info->var.blue);
//((u32 *)(info->pseudo_palette))[regno] = val;
pseudo_palette[regno] = val;
return 0;
}
static u32 pseudo_palette[16];
s3c_lcd->pseudo_palette = pseudo_palette;//经过测试需要设置的调色板
s3c_lcd->screen_base = ;/* 显存的虚拟地址 */
s3c_lcd->screen_size = 480*272*16/8;/* 显存的大小 */3.3 硬件相关的操作
3.3.1 配置GPIO用于LCD
static volatile unsigned long *gpbcon;
static volatile unsigned long *gpbdat;
static volatile unsigned long *gpccon;
static volatile unsigned long *gpdcon;
static volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
gpbcon = ioremap(0x56000010, 8);
gpbdat = gpbcon+1;
gpccon = ioremap(0x56000020, 4);
gpdcon = ioremap(0x56000030, 4);
gpgcon = ioremap(0x56000060, 4);
*gpccon = 0xaaaaaaaa; /* GPIO管脚用于VD[7:0],LCDVF[2:0],VM,VFRAME,VLINE,VCLK,LEND */
*gpdcon = 0xaaaaaaaa; /* GPIO管脚用于VD[23:8] */
*gpbcon &= ~(3); /* GPB0设置为输出引脚 */
*gpbcon |= 1;
*gpbdat &= ~1; /* 输出低电平 */
*gpgcon |= (3<<8); /* GPG4用作LCD_PWREN */3.3.2 根据LCD手册设置LCD控制器
由于寄存器比较多，将其定义为一个结构体，并映射为虚拟地址
struct lcd_regs {
unsigned long lcdcon1;
unsigned long lcdcon2;
unsigned long lcdcon3;
unsigned long lcdcon4;
unsigned long lcdcon5;
unsigned long lcdsaddr1;
unsigned long lcdsaddr2;
unsigned long lcdsaddr3;
unsigned long redlut;
unsigned long greenlut;
unsigned long bluelut;
unsigned long reserved[9]; //这里bluelut和dithmode地址相差36个字节，因此需要保留36/4=9
unsigned long dithmode;
unsigned long tpal;
unsigned long lcdintpnd;
unsigned long lcdsrcpnd;
unsigned long lcdintmsk;
unsigned long lpcsel;
};
static volatile struct lcd_regs* lcd_regs;
lcd_regs = ioremap(0x4D000000, sizeof(struct lcd_regs));- 配置LCDCON寄存器
系统时钟在uboot设置好了，dmesg查看内核输出信息，HCLK为100M
查看4.3寸LCD手册VCLK为100ns
bit[17:8]: VCLK = HCLK / [(CLKVAL+1) x 2]，可得CLKVAL=4，LCD为TFTLCD，bit[6:5]: 0b11, 像素点为16bpp，bit[4:1]: 0b1100，为了统一使能，先不使能LCD，bit[0] :0
lcd_regs->lcdcon1 = (4<<8) | (3<<5) | (0x0c<<1);
S3C2440的LCD时序图：
4.3寸LCD时序图：
垂直方向：
垂直方向同步信号，单板与LCD的极性不同，后面需要设置，VSPW+1=tvp=10，VSPW=9，VBPD+1=tvb=2，VBPD=1，LINEVAL+1=272，LINEVAL=271，VFPD+1=tvf=2，VFPD=1
水平方向：
水平方向同步信号，单板与LCD的极性不同，后面需要设置，HSPW+1=thp=41，HSPW=40，HBPD+1=thb=2，HBPD=1，HOZVAL+1=480，HOZVAL=479，HFPD+1=thf=2，HFPD=1
lcd_regs->lcdcon2 = (1<<24) | (271<<14) | (1<<6) | (9<<0);
lcd_regs->lcdcon3 = (1<<19) | (479<<8) | (1<<0);
lcd_regs->lcdcon4 = 40; 
bit[11]: 1=565 format,bit[9] : 1 = HSYNC信号要反转,即低电平有效,bit[8] : 1 = VSYNC信号要反转,即低电平有效,bit[3] : 0 = PWREN输出0,PWREN电源输出，后面LCD使能统一设置
lcd_regs->lcdcon5 = (1<<11) | (0<<10) | (1<<9) | (1<<8) | (1<<0);3.3.3 分配显存(framebuffer)并把地址告诉LCD控制器
- LCDSADDR1：A[30:22]:framebuffer的高两位去掉，A[24:1]:将framebuffer右移一位
- LCDSADDR2：单边扫描，去framebuffer的A[21:1]，即需要21位即可
- LCDSADDR3：一行的长度，单位为半字
s3c_lcd->screen_base = dma_alloc_writecombine(NULL, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len, &s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start, GFP_KERNEL);
lcd_regs->lcdsaddr1 = (s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start >> 1) & ~(3<<30);
lcd_regs->lcdsaddr2 = ((s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start + s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len) >> 1) & 0x1fffff;
lcd_regs->lcdsaddr3 = (480*16/16); /* 一行的长度(单位: 2字节) */ 启动LCD
lcd_regs->lcdcon1 |= (1<<0); /* 使能LCD控制器 */
lcd_regs->lcdcon5 |= (1<<3); /* 使能LCD本身 */
*gpbdat |= 1; /* 输出高电平, 使能背光 */ 3.4 注册
register_framebuffer(s3c_lcd);3.5 代码
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/fb.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/clk.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/div64.h>
#include <asm/mach/map.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-lcd.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/arch/fb.h>
static int s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned int regno, unsigned int red,
unsigned int green, unsigned int blue,
unsigned int transp, struct fb_info *info);
struct lcd_regs {
unsigned long lcdcon1;
unsigned long lcdcon2;
unsigned long lcdcon3;
unsigned long lcdcon4;
unsigned long lcdcon5;
unsigned long lcdsaddr1;
unsigned long lcdsaddr2;
unsigned long lcdsaddr3;
unsigned long redlut;
unsigned long greenlut;
unsigned long bluelut;
unsigned long reserved[9];
unsigned long dithmode;
unsigned long tpal;
unsigned long lcdintpnd;
unsigned long lcdsrcpnd;
unsigned long lcdintmsk;
unsigned long lpcsel;
};
static struct fb_ops s3c_lcdfb_ops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.fb_setcolreg = s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg,
.fb_fillrect = cfb_fillrect,
.fb_copyarea = cfb_copyarea,
.fb_imageblit = cfb_imageblit,
};
static struct fb_info *s3c_lcd;
static volatile unsigned long *gpbcon;
static volatile unsigned long *gpbdat;
static volatile unsigned long *gpccon;
static volatile unsigned long *gpdcon;
static volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
static volatile struct lcd_regs* lcd_regs;
static u32 pseudo_palette[16];
/* from pxafb.c */
static inline unsigned int chan_to_field(unsigned int chan, struct fb_bitfield *bf)
{
chan &= 0xffff;
chan >>= 16 - bf->length;
return chan << bf->offset;
}
static int s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned int regno, unsigned int red,
unsigned int green, unsigned int blue,
unsigned int transp, struct fb_info *info)
{
unsigned int val;
if (regno > 16)
return 1;
/* 用red,green,blue三原色构造出val */
val = chan_to_field(red, &info->var.red);
val |= chan_to_field(green, &info->var.green);
val |= chan_to_field(blue, &info->var.blue);
//((u32 *)(info->pseudo_palette))[regno] = val;
pseudo_palette[regno] = val;
return 0;
}
static int lcd_init(void)
{
/* 1. 分配一个fb_info */
s3c_lcd = framebuffer_alloc(0, NULL);
/* 2. 设置 */
/* 2.1 设置固定的参数 */
strcpy(s3c_lcd->fix.id, "mylcd");
s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len = 480*272*16/8;
s3c_lcd->fix.type = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS;
s3c_lcd->fix.visual = FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR; /* TFT */
s3c_lcd->fix.line_length = 480*2;
/* 2.2 设置可变的参数 */
s3c_lcd->var.xres = 480;
s3c_lcd->var.yres = 272;
s3c_lcd->var.xres_virtual = 480;
s3c_lcd->var.yres_virtual = 272;
s3c_lcd->var.bits_per_pixel = 16;
/* RGB:565 */
s3c_lcd->var.red.offset = 11;
s3c_lcd->var.red.length = 5;
s3c_lcd->var.green.offset = 5;
s3c_lcd->var.green.length = 6;
s3c_lcd->var.blue.offset = 0;
s3c_lcd->var.blue.length = 5;
s3c_lcd->var.activate = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW;
/* 2.3 设置操作函数 */
s3c_lcd->fbops = &s3c_lcdfb_ops;
/* 2.4 其他的设置 */
s3c_lcd->pseudo_palette = pseudo_palette;
//s3c_lcd->screen_base = ; /* 显存的虚拟地址 */
s3c_lcd->screen_size = 480*272*16/8;
/* 3. 硬件相关的操作 */
/* 3.1 配置GPIO用于LCD */
gpbcon = ioremap(0x56000010, 8);
gpbdat = gpbcon+1;
gpccon = ioremap(0x56000020, 4);
gpdcon = ioremap(0x56000030, 4);
gpgcon = ioremap(0x56000060, 4);
*gpccon = 0xaaaaaaaa; /* GPIO管脚用于VD[7:0],LCDVF[2:0],VM,VFRAME,VLINE,VCLK,LEND */
*gpdcon = 0xaaaaaaaa; /* GPIO管脚用于VD[23:8] */
*gpbcon &= ~(3); /* GPB0设置为输出引脚 */
*gpbcon |= 1;
*gpbdat &= ~1; /* 输出低电平 */
*gpgcon |= (3<<8); /* GPG4用作LCD_PWREN */
/* 3.2 根据LCD手册设置LCD控制器, 比如VCLK的频率等 */
lcd_regs = ioremap(0x4D000000, sizeof(struct lcd_regs));
/* bit[17:8]: VCLK = HCLK / [(CLKVAL+1) x 2], LCD手册P14
* 10MHz(100ns) = 100MHz / [(CLKVAL+1) x 2]
* CLKVAL = 4
* bit[6:5]: 0b11, TFT LCD
* bit[4:1]: 0b1100, 16 bpp for TFT
* bit[0] : 0 = Disable the video output and the LCD control signal.
*/
lcd_regs->lcdcon1 = (4<<8) | (3<<5) | (0x0c<<1);
#if 1
/* 垂直方向的时间参数
* bit[31:24]: VBPD, VSYNC之后再过多长时间才能发出第1行数据
* bit[23:14]: 多少行, 272, 所以LINEVAL=272-1=271
* bit[13:6] : VFPD, 发出最后一行数据之后，再过多长时间才发出VSYNC
* bit[5:0] : VSPW, VSYNC信号的脉冲宽度
*/
lcd_regs->lcdcon2 = (1<<24) | (271<<14) | (1<<6) | (9<<0);
/* 水平方向的时间参数
* bit[25:19]: HBPD, VSYNC之后再过多长时间才能发出第1行数据
* bit[18:8]: 多少列, 480,所以HOZVAL=480-1=479
* bit[7:0] : HFPD, 发出最后一行里最后一个象素数据之后，再过多长时间才发出HSYNC
*/
lcd_regs->lcdcon3 = (1<<19) | (479<<8) | (1<<0);
/* 水平方向的同步信号
*/
lcd_regs->lcdcon4 = 40;
/* 信号的极性
* bit[11]: 1=565 format
* bit[10]: 0 = The video data is fetched at VCLK falling edge
* bit[9] : 1 = HSYNC信号要反转,即低电平有效
* bit[8] : 1 = VSYNC信号要反转,即低电平有效
* bit[6] : 0 = VDEN不用反转
* bit[3] : 0 = PWREN输出0
* bit[1] : 0 = BSWP
* bit[0] : 1 = HWSWP
*/
lcd_regs->lcdcon5 = (1<<11) | (0<<10) | (1<<9) | (1<<8) | (1<<0);
/* 3.3 分配显存(framebuffer), 并把地址告诉LCD控制器 */
s3c_lcd->screen_base = dma_alloc_writecombine(NULL, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len, &s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start, GFP_KERNEL);
lcd_regs->lcdsaddr1 = (s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start >> 1) & ~(3<<30);
lcd_regs->lcdsaddr2 = ((s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start + s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len) >> 1) & 0x1fffff;
lcd_regs->lcdsaddr3 = (480*16/16); /* 一行的长度(单位: 2字节) */
//s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start = xxx; /* 显存的物理地址 */
/* 启动LCD */
lcd_regs->lcdcon1 |= (1<<0); /* 使能LCD控制器 */
lcd_regs->lcdcon5 |= (1<<3); /* 使能LCD本身 */
*gpbdat |= 1; /* 输出高电平, 使能背光 */
/* 4. 注册 */
register_framebuffer(s3c_lcd);
return 0;
}
static void lcd_exit(void)
{
unregister_framebuffer(s3c_lcd);
lcd_regs->lcdcon1 &= ~(1<<0); /* 关闭LCD本身 */
*gpbdat &= ~1; /* 关闭背光 */
dma_free_writecombine(NULL, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len, s3c_lcd->screen_base, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start);
iounmap(lcd_regs);
iounmap(gpbcon);
iounmap(gpccon);
iounmap(gpdcon);
iounmap(gpgcon);
framebuffer_release(s3c_lcd);
}
module_init(lcd_init);
module_exit(lcd_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");四、测试
- 在虚拟器内将内核源码中去掉原来的LCD驱动程序，执行make menuconfig，在Device Drivers的Graphics support中将S3C2410 LCD framebuffer support设置为模块
- 编译内核make uImage，把内核目录arch/arm/boot/uImage提取出来cp arch/arm/boot/uImage /work/nfs_root/uImage_nolcd再make modules
- 在2440启动uboot通过网络文件系统把内核下载到30000000的位置，并从30000000启动内核
nfs 30000000 192.168.0.13:/work/nfs_root/uImage_nolcd
bootm 30000000
- 将LCD需要的函数在内核源码提取出来在drivers/video/目录下cfb*.ko，先装载这三个模块，本身不是驱动程序，只是提供某些函数，再加载lcd驱动，将hello输出在屏幕上，可以看到hello，把数据直接扔在/dev/fb0上面则花屏
insmod cfbcopyarea.ko
insmod cfbfillrect.ko
insmod cfbimgblt.ko
insmod lcd.ko
echo hello > /dev/tty1
cat lcd.ko > /dev/fb0
- 修改 /etc/inittab加入tty1::askfirst:-/bin/sh，使sh终端在lcd显示，用新重启内核并加载button.c并重新加载驱动,buttons.c参考输入子系统分析与测试，按下按键输出ls可以看到输出内容
五、修改内核自带的LCD驱动
- 在内核的s3c2410fb.c中，lcdcon1在regs被赋值，在s3c2410fb_probe函数中mregs = &mach_info->regs，mach_info = pdev->dev.platform_data;寄存器的值来自于dev.platform_data，s3c2410fb_probe被platform_driver定义，说明利用了bus_drv_dev模型，根据name找到相应的device，bus_drv_dev模型参考Linux驱动之分层分离模型
writel(fbi->regs.lcdcon1, S3C2410_LCDCON1);
...
static int __init s3c2410fb_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
struct s3c2410fb_info *info;
struct fb_info *fbinfo;
struct s3c2410fb_hw *mregs;
int ret;
int irq;
int i;
u32 lcdcon1;
mach_info = pdev->dev.platform_data;
if (mach_info == NULL) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev,"no platform data for lcd, cannot attach\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
mregs = &mach_info->regs;
...
static struct platform_driver s3c2410fb_driver = {
.probe = s3c2410fb_probe,
.remove = s3c2410fb_remove,
.suspend = s3c2410fb_suspend,
.resume = s3c2410fb_resume,
.driver = {
.name = "s3c2410-lcd",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
},
};- 在devs.c中找到对应的name, mach_info在s3c24xx_fb_set_platdata函数被赋值，而s3c24xx_fb_set_platdata又被mach-smdk2440.c被调用
struct platform_device s3c_device_lcd = {
.name = "s3c2410-lcd",
.id = -1,
.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(s3c_lcd_resource),
.resource = s3c_lcd_resource,
.dev = {
.dma_mask = &s3c_device_lcd_dmamask,
.coherent_dma_mask = 0xffffffffUL
}
};
void __init s3c24xx_fb_set_platdata(struct s3c2410fb_mach_info *pd)
{
struct s3c2410fb_mach_info *npd;
npd = kmalloc(sizeof(*npd), GFP_KERNEL);
if (npd) {
memcpy(npd, pd, sizeof(*npd));
s3c_device_lcd.dev.platform_data = npd;
} else {
printk(KERN_ERR "no memory for LCD platform data\n");
}
}- 在mach-smdk2440.c中设置smdk2440_lcd_cfg结构体
static void __init smdk2440_machine_init(void)
{
s3c24xx_fb_set_platdata(&smdk2440_lcd_cfg);
platform_add_devices(smdk2440_devices, ARRAY_SIZE(smdk2440_devices));
smdk_machine_init();
}- 根据寄存器修改相关值
static struct s3c2410fb_mach_info smdk2440_lcd_cfg __initdata = {
.regs = {
.lcdcon1 = S3C2410_LCDCON1_TFT16BPP |
S3C2410_LCDCON1_TFT |
S3C2410_LCDCON1_CLKVAL(0x04),
.lcdcon2 = S3C2410_LCDCON2_VBPD(1) |
S3C2410_LCDCON2_LINEVAL(271) |
S3C2410_LCDCON2_VFPD(1) |
S3C2410_LCDCON2_VSPW(9),
.lcdcon3 = S3C2410_LCDCON3_HBPD(1) |
S3C2410_LCDCON3_HOZVAL(479) |
S3C2410_LCDCON3_HFPD(1),
.lcdcon4 = S3C2410_LCDCON4_MVAL(0) |
S3C2410_LCDCON4_HSPW(40),
.lcdcon5 = S3C2410_LCDCON5_FRM565 |
S3C2410_LCDCON5_INVVLINE |
S3C2410_LCDCON5_INVVFRAME |
S3C2410_LCDCON5_PWREN |
S3C2410_LCDCON5_HWSWP,
},
/* currently setup by downloader */
.gpccon = 0xaaaa56aa,
.gpccon_mask = 0xffffffff,
.gpcup = 0xffffffff,
.gpcup_mask = 0xffffffff,
.gpdcon = 0xaaaaaaaa,
.gpdcon_mask = 0xffffffff,
.gpdup = 0xffffffff,
.gpdup_mask = 0xffffffff,
.fixed_syncs = 1,
.type = S3C2410_LCDCON1_TFT16BPP,
.width = 480,
.height = 272,
.xres = {
.min = 480,
.max = 480,
.defval = 480,
},
.yres = {
.min = 272,
.max = 272,
.defval = 272,
},
.bpp = {
.min = 16,
.max = 16,
.defval = 16,
},
};
- 修改后代替虚拟机内核源码mach-smdk2440.c，make menuconfig修改回原样，直接编译进内核，不设置为模块
- 编译完新内核加载到S3C2440出现乱码的情况，解决方法参考：内核启动过程，修改mach-smdk2440.c中将s3c24xx_init_clocks(16934400)改为s3c24xx_init_clocks(12000000)，因为板子上的晶振是12Mhz,而mdk2440_map_io()里,初始化的时钟是基于16934400hz的晶振
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