一、读取灰度图像
1.cv2.IMREAD_CLOLR :彩色图像
2.cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE:灰度图像
# cv2.IMREAD_CLOLR :彩色图像 cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE:灰度图像
img = cv2.imread('D:/fzd2.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
img #转换为了灰度图,在一些对图像的处理中,有时需要先把彩色图像转换为灰度图
array([[ 17, 17, 17, ..., 21, 20, 20], [ 17, 17, 17, ..., 19, 20, 20], [ 16, 16, 16, ..., 18, 19, 19], ..., [187, 187, 187, ..., 56, 57, 57], [188, 188, 188, ..., 56, 54, 54], [189, 190, 189, ..., 57, 55, 56]], dtype=uint8)
cv2.imshow('image',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#保存
cv2.imwrite('D:/grey.png',img)
print('保存成功'
3.图片的一些特征
type(img)
#像素点的个数
img.size
img.dtype
numpy.ndarray
1480666
dtype('uint8')
二、读取视频
#视频由很多帧组成。cv2.VideoCapture可以捕获摄像头,用数字来控制不同的设备,例如0,1.如果是视频文件,直接制定好路径即可。
vc = cv2.VideoCapture('D:/vedio.mp4')
#检查是否打开正确
if vc.isOpened():
open,frame = vc.read() #从第一帧开始,一帧一帧地读,一直循环
else:
open = False
while open:
ret,frame = vc.read()
if frame is None:
break
if ret == True:
gray = cv2.cvtColor(frame,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)#将彩色图像转换为灰度图像
cv2.imshow('result',gray)
if cv2.waitKey(10) & 0xFF == 27: #括号里的数字是指处理完一帧衔接到下一帧所间隔的时间
break
vc.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
三、截取部分图像
四、颜色通道提取
#颜色通道提取
b,g,r = cv2.split(img)
b
array([[ 49, 49, 49, ..., 62, 61, 61], [ 49, 49, 49, ..., 60, 61, 61], [ 48, 48, 48, ..., 57, 58, 58], ..., [210, 210, 210, ..., 169, 170, 170], [211, 211, 211, ..., 169, 167, 167], [212, 213, 212, ..., 169, 167, 168]], dtype=uint8)
b.shape
r.shape
(1177, 1258)
(1177, 1258)
#只保留R通道; BGR索引为[0,1,2]
cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,0] = 0 #将B的索引设置为0
cur_img[:,:,1] = 0 #将G的索引设置为0
cv_show('R',cur_img)
#只保留B通道
cur_img = img.copy()
cur_img[:,:,1] = 0
cur_img[:,:,2] = 0
cv_show('B',cur_img)
五、边界填充
img = cv2.imread('D:/flower.jpg')
img
cv_show('flower',img)
#边界填充:当对图像进行变换的过程中,想把图像的边缘扩大一圈,即上边填点东西,下边填点东西,左边填点东西,右边填点东西
top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size = (50,50,50,50) #上下左右分别填充的大小
replicate = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_REPLICATE)
reflet = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_REFLECT)
relfect101 = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_REFLECT_101)
wrap = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_WRAP)
constant = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img,top_size,bottom_size,left_size,right_size,borderType = cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,value = 0)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.subplot(231),plt.imshow(img,'gray'),plt.title('ORIGINAL')
plt.subplot(232),plt.imshow(replicate,'gray'),plt.title('REPLICATE')
plt.subplot(233),plt.imshow(reflet,'gray'),plt.title('REFLECT')
plt.subplot(234),plt.imshow(relfect101,'gray'),plt.title('REFLECT_101')
plt.subplot(235),plt.imshow(wrap,'gray'),plt.title('WRAP')
plt.subplot(236),plt.imshow(constant,'gray'),plt.title('CONSTANT')
plt.show()
BORDER_REPLICATE:复制法,复制最边缘的像素
BORDER_REFLECT:反射法,对感兴趣的图像中的像素在两边进行复制,比如:fedcba|abcdefgh|hgfedcb
BORDER_REFLECT_101:反射法,以最边缘像素为轴,对称,比如:gfedcb|abcdefgh|gfedcba
BORDER_WRAP:外包装法,比如:cdefgh|abcdefhg|abcdefg
BORDER_CONSTANT:常量法,常数值填充