Arango db 快速入门

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-05 16:54:57 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-06-05 16:54:57 发布
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分类专栏： 数据库 文章标签： 大数据
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45829957/article/details/125629684
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本文通过以下文章概述而来
https://www.arangodb.com/docs/stable/aql/tutorial.html

一.ArangoDB和传统数据库的区别

在这里插入图片描述

二.AQL数据结构

每个文档都需要一个唯一的_key，该_key在集合中标识它。_id是一个计算的属性，是集合名称的串联，一个collection name/和key。它唯一标识数据库中的文档。_rev是由系统管理的修订ID。

  {
    "_key": "2861650",
    "_id": "Characters/2861650",
    "_rev": "_V1bzsXa---",
    "name": "Ned",
    "surname": "Stark",
    "alive": true,
    "age": 41,
    "traits": ["A","H","C","N","P"]
  },

三.crud操作

1. 查询

我们可以在AQL函数DOCUMENT()的帮助下使用文档密钥或文档ID检索特定文档
如：

RETURN DOCUMENT("Characters", "2861650")
// --- or ---
RETURN DOCUMENT("Characters/2861650")
2. 增加操作

INSERT document INTO collectionName

示例：

INSERT {
    "name": "Ned",
    "surname": "Stark",
    "alive": true,
    "age": 41,
    "traits": ["A","H","C","N","P"]
} INTO Characters
  • 用let定义批量数据
    LET variableName = valueExpression
    数据存放方式[ {…}, {…}, … ]
LET data = [
    { "name": "Robert", "surname": "Baratheon", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","H","C"] },
    { "name": "Jaime", "surname": "Lannister", "alive": true, "age": 36, "traits": ["A","F","B"] },
    { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark", "alive": false, "age": 40, "traits": ["D","H","C"] },
    { "name": "Cersei", "surname": "Lannister", "alive": true, "age": 36, "traits": ["H","E","F"] },
    { "name": "Daenerys", "surname": "Targaryen", "alive": true, "age": 16, "traits": ["D","H","C"] },
    { "name": "Jorah", "surname": "Mormont", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","B","C","F"] },
    { "name": "Petyr", "surname": "Baelish", "alive": false, "traits": ["E","G","F"] },
    { "name": "Viserys", "surname": "Targaryen", "alive": false, "traits": ["O","L","N"] },
    { "name": "Jon", "surname": "Snow", "alive": true, "age": 16, "traits": ["A","B","C","F"] },
    { "name": "Sansa", "surname": "Stark", "alive": true, "age": 13, "traits": ["D","I","J"] },
    { "name": "Arya", "surname": "Stark", "alive": true, "age": 11, "traits": ["C","K","L"] },
    { "name": "Robb", "surname": "Stark", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","B","C","K"] },
    { "name": "Theon", "surname": "Greyjoy", "alive": true, "age": 16, "traits": ["E","R","K"] },
    { "name": "Bran", "surname": "Stark", "alive": true, "age": 10, "traits": ["L","J"] },
    { "name": "Joffrey", "surname": "Baratheon", "alive": false, "age": 19, "traits": ["I","L","O"] },
    { "name": "Sandor", "surname": "Clegane", "alive": true, "traits": ["A","P","K","F"] },
    { "name": "Tyrion", "surname": "Lannister", "alive": true, "age": 32, "traits": ["F","K","M","N"] },
    { "name": "Khal", "surname": "Drogo", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","C","O","P"] },
    { "name": "Tywin", "surname": "Lannister", "alive": false, "traits": ["O","M","H","F"] },
    { "name": "Davos", "surname": "Seaworth", "alive": true, "age": 49, "traits": ["C","K","P","F"] },
    { "name": "Samwell", "surname": "Tarly", "alive": true, "age": 17, "traits": ["C","L","I"] },
    { "name": "Stannis", "surname": "Baratheon", "alive": false, "traits": ["H","O","P","M"] },
    { "name": "Melisandre", "alive": true, "traits": ["G","E","H"] },
    { "name": "Margaery", "surname": "Tyrell", "alive": false, "traits": ["M","D","B"] },
    { "name": "Jeor", "surname": "Mormont", "alive": false, "traits": ["C","H","M","P"] },
    { "name": "Bronn", "alive": true, "traits": ["K","E","C"] },
    { "name": "Varys", "alive": true, "traits": ["M","F","N","E"] },
    { "name": "Shae", "alive": false, "traits": ["M","D","G"] },
    { "name": "Talisa", "surname": "Maegyr", "alive": false, "traits": ["D","C","B"] },
    { "name": "Gendry", "alive": false, "traits": ["K","C","A"] },
    { "name": "Ygritte", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","P","K"] },
    { "name": "Tormund", "surname": "Giantsbane", "alive": true, "traits": ["C","P","A","I"] },
    { "name": "Gilly", "alive": true, "traits": ["L","J"] },
    { "name": "Brienne", "surname": "Tarth", "alive": true, "age": 32, "traits": ["P","C","A","K"] },
    { "name": "Ramsay", "surname": "Bolton", "alive": true, "traits": ["E","O","G","A"] },
    { "name": "Ellaria", "surname": "Sand", "alive": true, "traits": ["P","O","A","E"] },
    { "name": "Daario", "surname": "Naharis", "alive": true, "traits": ["K","P","A"] },
    { "name": "Missandei", "alive": true, "traits": ["D","L","C","M"] },
    { "name": "Tommen", "surname": "Baratheon", "alive": true, "traits": ["I","L","B"] },
    { "name": "Jaqen", "surname": "H'ghar", "alive": true, "traits": ["H","F","K"] },
    { "name": "Roose", "surname": "Bolton", "alive": true, "traits": ["H","E","F","A"] },
    { "name": "The High Sparrow", "alive": true, "traits": ["H","M","F","O"] }
]

FOR d IN data
    INSERT d INTO Characters
  • 循环遍历语法
    FOR variableName IN collectionName
    例：遍历character中的数据
FOR c IN Characters
    RETURN c
3.更新操作

UPDATE documentKey WITH object IN collectionName
例

UPDATE "2861650" WITH { alive: false } IN Characters

也可使用循环操作

FOR c IN Characters
    UPDATE c WITH { season: 1 } IN Characters

如需更新所有内容可使用replace操作

REPLACE "2861650" WITH {
    name: "Ned",
    surname: "Stark",
    alive: false,
    age: 41,
    traits: ["A","H","C","N","P"]
} IN Characters
4. 删除操作

REMOVE documentKey IN collectionName

  • 返回数据
FOR c IN Characters
    RETURN c
  • 等于匹配
FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.name == "Ned"
    RETURN c

四.匹配查询

  • 单个匹配
FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.age >= 13
    RETURN c.name
  • 多个匹配
FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.age < 13 AND c.age != null
    RETURN { name: c.name, age: c.age }
  • 替代匹配
FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.name == "Jon" OR c.name == "Joffrey"
    RETURN { name: c.name, surname: c.surname }

五. 排序和限制查询

  • 限制查询
    返回5个数据
FOR c IN Characters
    LIMIT 5
    RETURN c.name

跳过一定数量的记录并返回接下来的n个数据

FOR c IN Characters
    LIMIT 2, 5
    RETURN c.name
  • 排序
    例：对名称进行排序
FOR c IN Characters
    SORT c.name
    LIMIT 10
    RETURN c.name

在被排序参数后加desc即可降序排列
当然也可以进行多参数排序
例：对surname升序，对name降序

FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.surname
    SORT c.surname, c.name DESC
    LIMIT 10
    RETURN {
        surname: c.surname,
        name: c.name
    }

六. 联合查询

对于如下示例，我们的traits数组中的每一个字母对应一个trait

{
    "name": "Ned",
    "surname": "Stark",
    "alive": false,
    "age": 41,
    "traits": ["A","H","C","N","P"]
}

将具体traits插入

let data = [
    { "_key": "A", "en": "strong", "de": "stark" },
    { "_key": "B", "en": "polite", "de": "freundlich" },
    { "_key": "C", "en": "loyal", "de": "loyal" },
    { "_key": "D", "en": "beautiful", "de": "schön" },
    { "_key": "E", "en": "sneaky", "de": "hinterlistig" },
    { "_key": "F", "en": "experienced", "de": "erfahren" },
    { "_key": "G", "en": "corrupt", "de": "korrupt" },
    { "_key": "H", "en": "powerful", "de": "einflussreich" },
    { "_key": "I", "en": "naive", "de": "naiv" },
    { "_key": "J", "en": "unmarried", "de": "unverheiratet" },
    { "_key": "K", "en": "skillful", "de": "geschickt" },
    { "_key": "L", "en": "young", "de": "jung" },
    { "_key": "M", "en": "smart", "de": "klug" },
    { "_key": "N", "en": "rational", "de": "rational" },
    { "_key": "O", "en": "ruthless", "de": "skrupellos" },
    { "_key": "P", "en": "brave", "de": "mutig" },
    { "_key": "Q", "en": "mighty", "de": "mächtig" },
    { "_key": "R", "en": "weak", "de": "schwach" }
]
FOR d IN data
    INSERT d INTO Traits

如需将一下数据合并到上文中

FOR c IN Characters
    RETURN DOCUMENT("Traits", c.traits)[*].en

[
  [
    "strong",
    "powerful",
    "loyal",
    "rational",
    "brave"
  ],
  [
    "beautiful",
    "powerful",
    "loyal"
  ],
  ...
]

可以使用如下merge方法

FOR c IN Characters
    RETURN MERGE(c, { traits: DOCUMENT("Traits", c.traits)[*].en } )

[
  {
    "_id": "Characters/2861650",
    "_key": "2861650",
    "_rev": "_V1bzsXa---",
    "age": 41,
    "alive": false,
    "name": "Ned",
    "surname": "Stark",
    "traits": [
      "strong",
      "powerful",
      "loyal",
      "rational",
      "brave"
    ]
  },
  {
    "_id": "Characters/2861653",
    "_key": "2861653",
    "_rev": "_V1bzsXa--B",
    "age": 40,
    "alive": false,
    "name": "Catelyn",
    "surname": "Stark",
    "traits": [
      "beautiful",
      "powerful",
      "loyal"
    ]
  },
  ...
]

MERGE()函数将对象合并在一起。由于我们使用了与原始字符属性具有相同属性名称traits的对象{ traits: ... }，后者被合并操作覆盖。

注：
DOCUMENT()函数使用主索引快速查找文档。然而，它仅限于通过其标识符查找
文件

  • 便捷方法
FOR c IN Characters
  RETURN MERGE(c, {
    traits: (
      FOR key IN c.traits
        FOR t IN Traits
          FILTER t._key == key
          RETURN t.en
    )
  })

七. 对节点的边生成以及遍历

父和子之间的关系可以建模为图表。在ArangoDB中，两个文档（父Document和子Document）可以通过边缘Document链接。用Edge Document存储边集合，并有两个额外的属性：_from和_to。他们通过Document ID（_id）引用任何两个Document

构建边关系示例

LET data = [
    {
        "parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Robb", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Sansa", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Arya", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Bran", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Robb", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Sansa", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Arya", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Bran", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Jon", "surname": "Snow" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Tywin", "surname": "Lannister" },
        "child": { "name": "Jaime", "surname": "Lannister" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Tywin", "surname": "Lannister" },
        "child": { "name": "Cersei", "surname": "Lannister" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Tywin", "surname": "Lannister" },
        "child": { "name": "Tyrion", "surname": "Lannister" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Cersei", "surname": "Lannister" },
        "child": { "name": "Joffrey", "surname": "Baratheon" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Jaime", "surname": "Lannister" },
        "child": { "name": "Joffrey", "surname": "Baratheon" }
    }
]

FOR rel in data
    LET parentId = FIRST(
        FOR c IN Characters
            FILTER c.name == rel.parent.name
            FILTER c.surname == rel.parent.surname
            LIMIT 1
            RETURN c._id
    )
    LET childId = FIRST(
        FOR c IN Characters
            FILTER c.name == rel.child.name
            FILTER c.surname == rel.child.surname
            LIMIT 1
            RETURN c._id
    )
    FILTER parentId != null AND childId != null
    INSERT { _from: childId, _to: parentId } INTO ChildOf
    RETURN NEW

如果知道需要连接节点的id亦可以用如下语句操作

INSERT { _from: "Characters/robb", _to: "Characters/ned" } INTO ChildOf

接下来我们能够通过以下图示来了解节点之间的查询关系
在这里插入图片描述
示例：
1..1代表最小和最大遍历深度为1
OUTBOUND代表查询父节点
其后接的c代表从此节点开始寻找

FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.name == "Bran"
    FOR v IN 1..1 OUTBOUND c ChildOf
        RETURN v.name

[
  "Ned",
  "Catelyn"
]

我们也可以从父母向反向边缘方向寻找其子节点（即INBOUND）

FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.name == "Ned"
    FOR v IN 1..1 INBOUND c ChildOf
        RETURN v.name

[
  "Robb",
  "Sansa",
  "Jon",
  "Arya",
  "Bran"
]

当然，也可以查找孙子节点

FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.name == "Tywin"
    FOR v IN 2..2 INBOUND c ChildOf
        RETURN v.name

[
  "Joffrey",
  "Joffrey"
]
  • 可变深度的遍历
FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.name == "Joffrey"
    FOR v IN 1..2 OUTBOUND c ChildOf
        RETURN DISTINCT v.name

[
  "Cersei",
  "Tywin",
  "Jaime"
]
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原文：ArangoDB High-level operations 以下介绍以下高级操作： FOR：迭代数组的所有元素。RETURN：生成查询结果。FILTER：将结果限制为与任意逻辑条件匹配的元素。SORT：强制一系列已经生成的中间结果。LIMIT：将结果中的元素数量减少到最多指定的数字，可选择跳过元素（分页）。LET：为变量分配任意值。COLLECT：按一个或多个组标准对数组进行分组。
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先抛砖 做任何事情之前，我们往往都会去想一个问题， 为什么我们要去做？ 为了选型一款优秀的图数据库，我们之前针对大名鼎鼎的 Neo4j，Janus Graph，ArangoDB，DGraph，Tiger Graph等，都进行了一些技术预研， 针对我们项目的实际应用场景，最终选择了ArangoDB，我们今天暂不谈图数据库的技术选型，也不去码代码，我们先聊一聊ArangoDB底层的存储引擎。 So Why ？ 往往一款成熟热门的产品，其社区活跃度、代码版本迭代的速度都是很快的。比如ClickHouse，在我之
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ArangoDB 驱动程序是编程语言和 ArangoDB 之间的接口，它使程序员能够从本地语言程序中连接和操作 ArangoDB 部署。从语言的角度来看，文档和数据库结构可以与数据类型及其方法集成。
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1： 本地存储方式 2： 内置查询语言分析 3： 性能分析 4： 图算法支持 本地存储方式 Neo4J neo4j数据库支持最大多少个节点？最大支持多少条边？ 目前累积统计它有34.4亿个节点，344亿的关系，和6870亿条属性。 在数据库中，读/写性能跟节点/边的数量有关吗？ 这个问题意味着两个不同的问题。单次读/写操作不依赖数据库的大小。不管数据库是有10个节点还是有1千万个都一样。...
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arangosh --server.endpoint <endpoint> --server.username <username> --server.password <password> --javascript.execute-string "db._query('AQL_QUERY')" ``` 其中，`<endpoint>`是ArangoDB服务器的终端点，`...

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