QT创建一个自定义矩形QGraphicsItem

vs2022+qt6.6.3重写QGraphicsItem绘制一个矩形。该矩形包括5个锚点Item,能够实现矩形的形状调整和移动。这里分享自己的实现思路,难免会有错误,欢迎批评指正。

1.思路

1.1 依赖关系

实现拖动锚点,矩形自动重绘和移动,锚点图元自定义矩形图元场景之间的关系非常重要。

(1)锚点图元是自定义矩形图元的子Item。当移动锚点图元时,会将鼠标在场景的新位置传递给父item,然后根据锚点类型进行重绘或者移动自定义矩形。

(2)自定义矩形图元是核心,是绘制的主要部分,主要负责在初始化阶段在四个边角和中心绘制锚点,以及接收锚点图元的新坐标位置重绘矩形。

(3)场景相当于画布,是自定义图元和锚点图元绘制的地方,坐标一般都是基于场景。

 1.2 逻辑关系

自定义图元初始化锚点需要#include锚点文件

移动锚点图元时会将坐标传递给自定义图元,需要#include自定义图元文件

两个类头文件互相引用会报错

因此对自定义图元抽象出一个类ItemBase,然后让自定义图元继承这个类,这样就不会互相引用。在h文件中创建一个传递新锚点坐标的纯虚函数。然后自定义图元去继承ItemBase类并重写updateNewPosition函数,这样锚点图元传递坐标就会传递给自定义图元。

#pragma once
#include"qgraphicsitem.h"
#include"qpainter"

class ItemBase:public QAbstractGraphicsShapeItem
{

public:
	enum AnchorType
	{
		LU,
		LD,
		RU,
		RD,
		CENTER,
		ROTATE
	};

public:	
	int m_itemType;
	virtual void updateNewPosition(QPointF p, AnchorType type) = 0;
};

2.自定义矩形图元实现

2.1 构造函数

在自定义图元中初始化5个锚点,设置锚点的位置、类型以及父图元。

RectItem::RectItem(QRectF rect)
{
	//初始化矩形位置
	m_rect = rect;
	m_x = rect.x();
	m_y = rect.y();
	m_width = rect.width();
	m_height = rect.height();
	m_center = rect.center();
	m_itemType = Rect;

	//定义锚点
	m_anchorPointList.append(new AnchorPoint(LU));
	m_anchorPointList.append(new AnchorPoint(LD));
	m_anchorPointList.append(new AnchorPoint(RU));
	m_anchorPointList.append(new AnchorPoint(RD));
	m_anchorPointList.append(new AnchorPoint(CENTER));

	//初始化锚点位置
	m_anchorPointList[0]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x, m_y));
	m_anchorPointList[1]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x, m_y + m_height));
	m_anchorPointList[2]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width, m_y));
	m_anchorPointList[3]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width, m_y + m_height));
	m_anchorPointList[4]->setPoint(m_center);

	//设置父图元
	m_anchorPointList[0]->setParentItem(this);
	m_anchorPointList[1]->setParentItem(this);
	m_anchorPointList[2]->setParentItem(this);
	m_anchorPointList[3]->setParentItem(this);
	m_anchorPointList[4]->setParentItem(this);
}

RectItem::~RectItem()
{

}

 2.2 重写boundingRect和paint函数

boundingRect是自定义图元的活动范围,如果设置错误,拖动锚点将没有反应。

paint是用来绘制图元的。

QRectF RectItem::boundingRect()const
{
	return QRect(m_rect.x() - 10, m_rect.y() - 10, m_rect.width() + 20, m_rect.height() + 20);
}

void RectItem::paint(QPainter* painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem* option, QWidget* widget)
{
	painter->setPen(Qt::red);
	painter->setBrush(Qt::blue);
	painter->drawRect(m_rect);
}

 2.2 重写ItemBase的updateNewPosition函数

重写updateNewPosition,用于接收锚点图元的新坐标,并触发重绘事件。

void RectItem::updateNewPosition(QPointF p, AnchorType type)
{
	m_point = p;
	m_anchorType = type;
	switch (m_anchorType)
	{
	case LU:
	{
		this->setLU(m_point);
		scene()->update();
		break;
	}
	case LD:
	{
		this->setLD(m_point);
		scene()->update();
		break;
	}
	case RU:
	{
		this->setRU(m_point);
		scene()->update();
		break;
	}
	case RD:
	{
		this->setRD(m_point);
		scene()->update();
		break;
	}
	case CENTER:
	{
		this->setCENTER(m_point);
		scene()->update();
		break;
	}
	default:
		break;
	}

}

void RectItem::setLU(QPointF p)
{
	m_width = m_x - p.x() + m_width;
	m_height = m_y - p.y() + m_height;
	m_x = p.x();
	m_y = p.y();
	m_rect = QRectF(m_x, m_y, m_width, m_height);
	m_anchorPointList[0]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x, m_y));
	m_anchorPointList[1]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x, m_y + m_height));
	m_anchorPointList[2]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width, m_y));
	m_anchorPointList[3]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width, m_y + m_height));
	m_anchorPointList[4]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width / 2., m_y + m_height / 2.));
}

void RectItem::setLD(QPointF p)
{
	m_width = m_x - p.x() + m_width;
	m_height = -m_y + p.y();
	m_x = p.x();
	m_rect = QRectF(m_x, m_y, m_width, m_height);
	m_anchorPointList[0]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x, m_y));
	m_anchorPointList[1]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x, m_y + m_height));
	m_anchorPointList[2]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width, m_y));
	m_anchorPointList[3]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width, m_y + m_height));
	m_anchorPointList[4]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width / 2., m_y + m_height / 2.));
}

void RectItem::setRU(QPointF p)
{
	m_width = -m_x + p.x();
	m_height = m_y - p.y() + m_height;
	m_y = p.y();
	m_rect = QRectF(m_x, m_y, m_width, m_height);
	m_anchorPointList[0]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x, m_y));
	m_anchorPointList[1]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x, m_y + m_height));
	m_anchorPointList[2]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width, m_y));
	m_anchorPointList[3]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width, m_y + m_height));
	m_anchorPointList[4]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width / 2., m_y + m_height / 2.));

}

void RectItem::setRD(QPointF p)
{
	m_width = -m_x + p.x();
	m_height = -m_y + p.y();
	m_rect = QRectF(m_x, m_y, m_width, m_height);
	m_anchorPointList[0]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x, m_y));
	m_anchorPointList[1]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x, m_y + m_height));
	m_anchorPointList[2]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width, m_y));
	m_anchorPointList[3]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width, m_y + m_height));
	m_anchorPointList[4]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width / 2., m_y + m_height / 2.));
}

void RectItem::setCENTER(QPointF p)
{

	m_x = p.x() - m_width / 2.;
	m_y = p.y() - m_height / 2.;
	m_rect = QRect(m_x, m_y, m_width, m_height);
	m_center = QPointF(m_x + m_height / 2., m_y + m_width / 2.);

	m_anchorPointList[0]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x, m_y));
	m_anchorPointList[1]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x, m_y + m_height));
	m_anchorPointList[2]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width, m_y));
	m_anchorPointList[3]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width, m_y + m_height));
	m_anchorPointList[4]->setPoint(QPointF(m_x + m_width / 2., m_y + m_height / 2.));
}

3.锚点图元实现

锚点图元非常重要,它负责重绘或移动图元。当锚点是四个角时,移动锚点就会重新自定义图元。当锚点是中心位置时,就会移动图元。

3.1 重写boundingRect和paint

paint根据锚点类型绘制相应的形状

QRectF AnchorPoint::boundingRect() const
{

	return QRectF(m_point.x() - m_drawSize / 2., m_point.y() - m_drawSize / 2., m_drawSize, m_drawSize);
}

void AnchorPoint::paint(QPainter* painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem* option, QWidget* widget)
{
	m_scaleFactor = painter->transform().m11();

	switch (m_anchorType)
	{
	case LU:
	case LD:
	case RU:
	case RD:
	{
		painter->setPen(Qt::darkMagenta);
		painter->drawRect(m_point.x() - m_drawSize / 2. / m_scaleFactor, m_point.y() - m_drawSize / 2. / m_scaleFactor, m_drawSize / m_scaleFactor, m_drawSize / m_scaleFactor);
		break;
	}
	case CENTER:
	case ROTATE:
	{

		painter->setPen(Qt::black);
		painter->drawEllipse(m_point.x() - m_drawSize / 2. / m_scaleFactor, m_point.y() - m_drawSize / 2. / m_scaleFactor, m_drawSize / m_scaleFactor, m_drawSize / m_scaleFactor);

		break;
	}
	default:
		break;
	}
}

3.2 重写鼠标事件

鼠标事件是为了获取鼠标的坐标,其中MouseMoveEvent是获取鼠标移动的距离,然后重绘锚点图元,并将新坐标发送给父图元重绘自定义图元。

void AnchorPoint::mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent* event)
{
	QGraphicsItem::mouseMoveEvent(event);

	if (event->buttons() == Qt::LeftButton)
	{
		ItemBase* item = static_cast<ItemBase*>(this->parentItem());//父类对象指向子类对象

		m_itemType = item->m_itemType;
		switch (m_itemType)
		{
		case ItemBase::Rect:
		{
#pragma region 矩形
			switch (m_anchorType)
			{
			case ItemBase::LU:
			{
				setCursor(Qt::ClosedHandCursor);
				qreal dx = event->scenePos().x() - event->lastScenePos().x();
				qreal dy = event->scenePos().y() - event->lastScenePos().y();
				m_point += QPoint(dx, dy);
				item->updateNewPosition(m_point, ItemBase::LU);
				break;
			}
			case LD:
			{
				setCursor(Qt::ClosedHandCursor);
				qreal dx = event->scenePos().x() - event->lastScenePos().x();
				qreal dy = event->scenePos().y() - event->lastScenePos().y();
				m_point += QPoint(dx, dy);
				item->updateNewPosition(m_point, ItemBase::LD);
				break;
			}
			case RU:
			{
				setCursor(Qt::ClosedHandCursor);
				qreal dx = event->scenePos().x() - event->lastScenePos().x();
				qreal dy = event->scenePos().y() - event->lastScenePos().y();
				m_point += QPoint(dx, dy);
				item->updateNewPosition(m_point, ItemBase::RU);
				break;
			}
			case RD:
			{
				setCursor(Qt::ClosedHandCursor);
				qreal dx = event->scenePos().x() - event->lastScenePos().x();
				qreal dy = event->scenePos().y() - event->lastScenePos().y();
				m_point += QPoint(dx, dy);
				item->updateNewPosition(m_point, ItemBase::RD);
				break;
			}
			case CENTER:
			{
				setCursor(Qt::ClosedHandCursor);
				qreal dx = event->scenePos().x() - event->lastScenePos().x();
				qreal dy = event->scenePos().y() - event->lastScenePos().y();
				m_point += QPointF(dx, dy);
				item->updateNewPosition(m_point, ItemBase::CENTER);
				break;
			}
			}
#pragma endregion
			break;
		}
		
		}
		}

	}
}

void AnchorPoint::mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent* event)
{
	setCursor(Qt::ArrowCursor);
}

更新于2024.10.1

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