前言:Linux版本为Centos7.X
一、环境准备
- Linux Centos7.X 服务器
- linux连接工具:Xshell 7 (网上自行下载)
- linux文件传输工具: XFTP (网上自行下载)
- mysql版本: mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz (网上自行下载)
mysql网盘地址:链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1NfeP33iWnqEwOLGFzBiVtw
提取码:4xma
二、下载mysql
官网:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
三、上传文件至Linux并安装
1、上传文件
2、检查安装环境
检查否存在 mariadb 数据库,如果存在则需要卸载,防止后面安装mysql数据库出现冲突!
#检查是否存在mariadb数据库
[root@linux-study ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
#卸载mariadb数据库
[root@linux-study ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
#检查是否存在mariadb数据库
[root@linux-study ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
[root@linux-study ~]#
3、安装
1、进入安装包所在目录,解压压缩包:
[root@linux-study opt]# ls
mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@linux-study opt]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
2、移动解压后的文件并重命名:
[root@linux-study opt]# mv mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@linux-study opt]# cd ..
[root@linux-study /]# ls
bin CloudResetPwdUpdateAgent dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys tmp var
boot CloudrResetPwdAgent etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv test.txt usr
[root@linux-study /]# cd usr/
[root@linux-study usr]# ls
bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec local sbin share src tmp
[root@linux-study usr]# cd local/
[root@linux-study local]# ls
bin etc games hostguard include lib lib64 libexec mysql sbin share src uniagent
[root@linux-study local]# cd mysql/
[root@linux-study mysql]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[root@linux-study mysql]#
3、创建用户和用户组
检查用户是否存在:
[root@linux-study /]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
[root@linux-study /]#
创建用户和用户组:
[root@linux-study /]# groupadd mysql
[root@linux-study /]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
创建数据库目录并授权:
[root@linux-study local]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
[root@linux-study local]# ls
bin etc games hostguard include lib lib64 libexec mysql sbin share src uniagent
[root@linux-study local]# cd /data/mysql
[root@linux-study mysql]# ls
[root@linux-study mysql]# cd ..
[root@linux-study data]# cd ..
[root@linux-study /]# chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql
[root@linux-study /]#
配置my.cnf:
[root@linux-study /]# vim /etc/my.cnf
内容如下:
[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql #对应的安装目录
datadir=/data/mysql #创建的路径
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
character_set_server=utf8mb4
symbolic-links=0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
4、初始化数据库
进入mysql的bin目录
[root@linux-study /]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
初始化数据库:
[root@linux-study bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize
如果初始化出现如下错误:
./mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
退回根目录,安装 libaio
[root@linux-study /]# yum install -y libaio
安装完成后再初始化即可!!!
5、查看数据库临时密码
[root@linux-study bin]# cat /data/mysql/mysql.err
6、启动mysql
将mysql.server放置到/etc/init.d/mysql中
[root@linux-study bin]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@linux-study bin]#
启动mysql服务:
[root@linux-study bin]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. [ OK ]
[root@linux-study bin]#
[root@linux-study bin]# ps -ef|grep mysql
至此!!!数据库安装完成!
四、修改数据库密码,并开通外网访问权限
1、登陆数据库
[root@linux-study bin]# ./mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 输入前面自动生成的临时密码
mysql>
2、重新设置密码
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
3、开通外网访问权限
mysql> use mysql #访问mysql库
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root'; #使root用户能在任何地方都能访问数据库
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; #刷新
完成!!!
4、拓展
1、命令无法找到解决
[root@linux-study ~]# vi /etc/ld.so.conf
-bash: vi: command not found
[root@linux-study ~]# ls
-bash: ls: command not found
解决:在命令行输入 export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:$PATH
[root@linux-study ~]# export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:$PATH
[root@linux-study ~]# ls
index.html
2、jdk配置加载出错
错误如下:
[root@linux-study /]# source /etc/profile
-bash: fg: %JAVA_HOME%/jre/lib: no such job
-bash: /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_221-amd64/jre/bin: Is a directory
解决:修改配置文件如下
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_221-amd64
JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME JRE_HOME CLASSPATH PATH
保存配置文件后,重新刷新配置即可!
[root@linux-study /]# source /etc/profile