静态路由实验

• 一、实验拓扑

• 二、实验需求

1.对除R5的固定环回地址5.5.5.0/24，其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分

2. R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口，模拟PC，地址也在192.168.1.0/24范围内

3.R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问

4.全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器的条目数量，避免环路

5.R4与R5之间正常1000Mb链路通信，故障时改为100M

三、实验思路

1.对除R5的固定环回地址5.5.5.0/24，其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分

划分网段：先将192.168.1.0划分为5个大网段（将骨干链路与每个路由器上的环回地址分段，最后细分）

（1）192.168.1.0000 0000----骨干链路---192.168.1.0/27---划分6个小网段

192.168.1.0000 0000----192.168.1.0/30

192.168.1.0000 0100----192.168.1.4/30

192.168.1.0000 1000----192.168.1.8/30

192.168.1.0000 1100----192.168.1.12/30

192.168.1.0001 0000----192.168.1.16/30

192.168.1.0001 0100----192.168.1.20/30

（2）192.168.1.0010 0000---R1环回---192.168.1.32/27

192.168.1.0010 0000----192.168.1.32/28----L0

192.168.1.0011 0000--- 192.168.1.48/28--- L1

（3）192.168.1.0100 0000---R2环回----192.168.1.64/27

192.168.1.0100 0000----192.168.1.64/28----L0

192.168.1.0101 0000----192.168.1.80/28----L1

（4）192.168.1.0110 0000---R3环回----192.168.1.96/27

192.168.1.0110 0000---192.168.1.96/28----L0

192.168.1.0111 0000---192.168.1.112/28----L1

（5）192.168.1.1000 0000---R4环回----192.168.1.128/27

192.168.1.1000 0000---192.168.1.128/28----L0

192.168.1.1001 0000---192.168.1.144/28----L0

2.编写除到达5.5.5.0/24之外的，到达其他网段的静态路由，

3.配置缺省路由，实现全网通

4.防环，做黑洞路由配置

5.做备份，通过改变路由优先级实现

6.测试，观察1000Mb/s链路故障时，数据能否走100Mb/s链路

四、实验步骤

1、配置IP地址

[R1]int g0/0/0

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30

[R1]int g0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30

[R1]int l0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28

[R1]int l1

[R1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.49 28

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30

[R2]int g0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30

[R2]int l0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28

[R2]int l1

[R2-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.81 28

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.6 30

[R3]int g0/0/1

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.13 30

[R3]int l0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28

[R3]int l1

[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.113 28

[R4]int g0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30

[R4]int g0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30

[R4]int g0/0/2

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.17 30

[R4]int g4/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.21 30

[R4]int l0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.129 28

[R4]int l1

[R4-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.145 28

[R5]int g0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30

[R5]int g0/0/1

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30

[R5]int l0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.1 24

2.配置静态路由

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.5

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

五、测试

配置缺省路由，实现全网通

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

防环，做黑洞路由配置

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

做备份

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 100

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 100

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 100

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 100

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 100

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64.27 192.168.1.21 preference 100

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96.27 192.168.1.21 preference 100

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128.27 192.168.1.21 preference 100

路由正常时：

路由异常（手动关闭）