∂ A x ∂ x = A \frac{\partial \mathbf{A}x}{\partial x}=\mathbf{A} ∂x∂Ax=A
∂ x ⊤ A x ∂ x = ( A + A ⊤ ) x \frac{\partial x^\top\mathbf{A}x}{\partial x}=(\mathbf{A}+\mathbf{A}^\top)x ∂x∂x⊤Ax=(A+A⊤)x
∂ t r ( A B ) ∂ A = B ⊤ \frac{\partial tr(\mathbf{A}\mathbf{B})}{\partial \mathbf{A}}=\mathbf{B}^\top ∂A∂tr(AB)=B⊤
∂ t r ( A B A ⊤ ) ∂ A = A ( B + B ⊤ ) \frac{\partial tr(\mathbf{A}\mathbf{B}\mathbf{A}^\top)}{\partial \mathbf{A}}=A(\mathbf{B}+\mathbf{B}^\top) ∂A∂tr(ABA⊤)=A(B+B⊤)