文件上传
要是使用Servlet对文件上传进行处理,我们还是能明显的感觉到代码量太多了,自己处理起来还是有一些麻烦,Spring作为一个优秀的框架,它也为我们考虑到了文件上传,下面演示使用SpringMvc上传文件的例子。
环境准备
- 创建Maven的web项目。
- 导入相关依赖
<!--Spring的大部分依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--commons-io文件上传依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
- 配置SpringMvc的配置文件(spring-mvc.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding= "UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由Spring容器统一管理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ara.controller"/>
<!--让Spring不处理静态资源-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!--
支持mvc注解驱动
在Spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
要使@RequestMapping注解生效
必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例
这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别中处理
而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!--视图解析器-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" >
<!--视图前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--视图后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--文件上传配置-->
<!--这里需要注意bean的id必须为multipartResolver -->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<!--请求的编码格式,必须和页面的编码格式一致,默认为ISO-8859-1-->
<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
<!--上传文件大小限制 单位为字节(10M=10485760)-->
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
<property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/>
</bean>
</beans>
这里特别注意文件上传的配置。
- 配置web.xml文件
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
- 编写测试Controller
package com.ara.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
@ResponseBody
public String hello(){
System.out.println("hello");
return "hello";
}
}
- 测试环境是否OK
环境OK。
先保证环境没问题,再进行下面的操作。
1.编写测试页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>上传文件</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>方式1</h2>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/file/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file" />
<input type="submit" value="上传" />
</form>
<br>
<hr>
<h2>方式2</h2>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/file/upload2" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file" />
<input type="submit" value="上传" />
</form>
<br>
<hr>
<h2>混合表单</h2>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/file/upload3" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file" /><br>
<input type="text" name="name" /><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
2.编写处理文件上传的Controller
package com.ara.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/file")
public class FileController {
/**
* 文件上传1
*
* @param file 提交表单的文件name值
* @param request 请求对象
* @return 返回上传结果
* @throws IOException
*/
@RequestMapping("/upload")
public String upload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
//获取文件名
String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
//如果文件名为空
if (uploadFileName == null || uploadFileName.equals("")) {
return "fail!";
}
System.out.println("上传的文件名为:" + uploadFileName);
//获取文件上传的存放路径
String path = request.getRealPath("/load");
//如果文件不存在就创建
File realPath = new File(path);
if (!realPath.exists()) {
realPath.mkdir();
}
System.out.println("文件保存地址:" + realPath);
//获取文件输入流
InputStream is = file.getInputStream();
//文件输出流
FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath, uploadFileName));
//读写文件
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
os.flush();
}
//关闭资源
os.close();
is.close();
return "OK";
}
/**
* 文件上传2
*
* @param file 表单中文件输入框的name值
* @param request 请求对象
* @return 放回上传结果
* @throws IOException
*/
@RequestMapping("/upload2")
public String upload2(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
//获取文件名
String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
//如果文件名为空
if (uploadFileName == null || uploadFileName.equals("")) {
return "fail!";
}
System.out.println("上传的文件名为:" + uploadFileName);
//获取文件上传的存放路径
String path = request.getRealPath("/load");
//如果文件不存在就创建
File realPath = new File(path);
if (!realPath.exists()) {
realPath.mkdir();
}
System.out.println("文件保存地址:" + realPath);
//文件直接保存在指定地方
file.transferTo(new File(realPath + "/" + uploadFileName));
return "OK";
}
/**
* 表单中含有其他提交项的上传
*
* @param file 提交表单的文件name值
* @param name 表单中提交的name值
* @param request 请求对象
* @return 返回提交结果
* @throws IOException
*/
@RequestMapping("/upload3")
public String upload3(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, String name, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
//获取文件名
String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
//如果文件名为空
if (uploadFileName == null || uploadFileName.equals("")) {
return "fail!";
}
System.out.println("上传的文件名为:" + uploadFileName);
System.out.println("name: " + name);
//获取文件上传的存放路径
String path = request.getRealPath("/load");
//如果文件不存在就创建
File realPath = new File(path);
if (!realPath.exists()) {
realPath.mkdir();
}
System.out.println("文件保存地址:" + realPath);
file.transferTo(new File(realPath + "/" + uploadFileName));
return "OK";
}
}
3.测试
- 方式1
- 方式2
- 方式3
上述上传都成功了。