文章目录
1.@RequestMapping定义请求规则
1.@RequestMapping指定模块名称
- @RequestMapping注解可以注解在方法上,也可以注解在类上,但意义是不同的。
- 此注解加在方法上,是为此方法去注册一个可以访问的名称(路径)
此注解加在类上,是相当于包名(虚拟路径),为了区分不中类中相同名称的action。 - value 属性值常以“/”开始。@RequestMapping 的 value 属性用于定义所匹配请求的 URI。
2.@RequestMapping对请求提交方式的定义
- 对于@RequestMapping,其有一个属性 method,用于对被注解方法所处理请求的提交方式进行限制,即只有满足该 method 属性指定的提交方式的请求,才会执行该被注解方法。
- Method 属性的取值为 RequestMethod 枚举常量。常用的为 RequestMethod.GET 与RequestMethod.POST,分别表示提交方式的匹配规则为 GET 与 POST 提交。
@Controller
public class ReqAction {
@RequestMapping(value = "/req1", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getReq(){
System.out.println("get请求已经执行");
return "main";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/req2", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String posReq(){
System.out.println("post请求已经执行");
return "main";
}
}
2.五种数据提交的方式
2.1 单个数据注入
2.2 对象封装注入
2.3 动态占位符提交数据
仅限于超链接或者地址栏提交数据。
@PathVariable
2.4 请求参数名称和形式参数名称不一样
@RequestParam
2.5 使用HttpServletRequest对象提取
3.请求参数中文乱码解决
方法:在web.xml中设置一个中文过滤器
<!--中文编码过滤器设置-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encode</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<!--
设置三个参数
private String encoding;
private boolean forceRequestEncoding;
private boolean forceResponseEncoding;
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceRequestEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>orceResponseEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encode</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
4.处理器方法的返回值
- String:客户端资源的地址,自动拼接前缀和后缀;当然也可以屏蔽自动拼接字符串,然后指定返回路径。
- Object:返回json格式的对象。自动将对象或者集合转成json;使用jackson依赖,一般用于ajax请求。
- void:无返回值,用于ajax。
- ModelAndView:返回数据和视图对象。
4.1 返回Object
完成ajax的请求访问服务器,返回学生集合。
(1) 添加jackson依赖
(2) 在springmvc.xml文件中添加注解驱动<mvc:annotationdriven/>
,它用来解析@ResponseBody注解
(3) 注册中文编码和注册springmvc
(4) 在webapp目录下新建js目录,添加jQuery函数库
(5) 在index.jsp页面上导入函数库
(6) 在action上添加注解@ResponseBody,用来处理ajax请求
4.1.1 添加jackson依赖
【pom.xml】
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.sdnu</groupId>
<artifactId>springmvc-003-ajax</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.8</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
</includes>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
4.1.2 添加注解驱动
【SpringMVC.xml】
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--添加包扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sdnu.controller"/>
<!--不用添加视图解析器,因为是处理ajax请求-->
<!--必须添加注解驱动,专门用来处理ajax请求-->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>
4.1.3 注册中文编码和注册springmvc
【web.xml】
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!--中文编码过滤器设置-->
<filter>
<filter-name>encode</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<!--
设置三个参数
private String encoding;
private boolean forceRequestEncoding;
private boolean forceResponseEncoding;
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceRequestEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>orceResponseEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encode</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--注册springmvc-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
4.1.4 编写index.jsp
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Beyong
Date: 2023/4/15
Time: 17:55
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>index</title>
<script src="js/jquery-3.3.1.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<a href="javascript:showStu()">访问服务器返回学生信息列表</a>
<div id="myDiv">等待服务器返回学生信息</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
function showStu(){
//使用jQuery封装的ajax()方法发送请求
$.ajax({
url:"${pageContext.request.contextPath}/list.action",
type:"get",
dataType:"json",
success:function (stuList){
var s = "";
$.each(stuList, function (i, stu){
s+=stu.name + "---->" + stu.age + "<br/>"
});
// 回显数据
$("#myDiv").html(s);
}
})
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
4.1.5 编写action
package com.sdnu.controller;
import com.sdnu.pojo.Student;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
public class StudentListAction {
@RequestMapping(value = "/list")
@ResponseBody //解析ajax请求,必须在springmvc.xml中添加注解
public List<Student> list(){
List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
Student stu1 = new Student("张三", 20);
Student stu2 = new Student("李四", 30);
Student stu3 = new Student("张王五", 50);
list.add(stu1);
list.add(stu2);
list.add(stu3);
return list; //springmvc负责将集合转成json数组
}
}
4.1.6结果
5. SpringMVC的四种跳转方式
跳转和重定向的区别:
5.1 请求转发的实现
【JumpAction.java】
package com.sdnu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class JumpAction {
@RequestMapping("/one")
public String one(){
System.out.println("这是请求转发页面跳转");
return "main"; //默认是请求转发,使用视图解析器拼接前缀和后缀后进行跳转
}
@RequestMapping("/two")
public String two(){
System.out.println("这是请求转发action跳转");
//forward可以屏蔽前缀和后缀的拼接,实现请求转发跳转
return "forward:/other.action";
}
}
【OtherAction.java】
package com.sdnu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class OtherAction {
@RequestMapping("/other")
public String other(){
System.out.println("这是other的action访问");
return "main";
}
}
5.2 重定向的实现
【JumpAction.java】
package com.sdnu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class JumpAction {
@RequestMapping("/three")
public String three(){
System.out.println("这是重定向页面跳转");
//redirect可以屏蔽前缀和后缀,实现重定向跳转
return "redirect:/admin/main.jsp";
}
@RequestMapping("/four")
public String four(){
System.out.println("这是重定向action跳转");
//redirect可以屏蔽前缀和后缀,实现重定向跳转
return "redirect:/other.action";
}
}
【OtherAction.java】
package com.sdnu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class OtherAction {
@RequestMapping("/other")
public String other(){
System.out.println("这是other的action访问");
return "main";
}
}
6.SpringMVC默认的参数类型
1)HttpServletRequest 对象
2)HttpServletResponse 对象
3)HttpSession 对象
4)Model/ModelMap 对象
5)Map<String,Object>对象
注意Model,Map,ModelMap都使用的是request请求作用域,意味着只能是请求转发后,页面才可以得到值。
【index.jsp】
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Beyong
Date: 2023/4/15
Time: 21:10
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/one.action">1.请求转发页面(默认)</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/two.action">2.请求转发action</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/three.action">3.重定向页面</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/four.action">4.重定向action</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/data.action?uuuName='李华'">默认参数传递数据展示</a>
</body>
</html>
【main.jsp】
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Beyong
Date: 2023/4/15
Time: 21:55
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>main</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>main</h1>
httpServletRequest:${requestUser}<br/>
session:${sessionUser}<br/>
map:${mapUser}<br/>
model:${modelUser}<br/>
modelMap:${modelMapUser}<br/>
访问服务器进行数据跳转:${param.uuuName}
</body>
</html>
【DataAction.java】
package com.sdnu.controller;
import com.sdnu.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.util.Map;
@Controller
public class DataAction {
@RequestMapping("/data")
public String data(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse,
HttpSession session,
Map<String,User> map,
Model model,
ModelMap modelMap){
User u = new User("小雨", 20);
httpServletRequest.setAttribute("requestUser", u);
session.setAttribute("sessionUser", u);
map.put("mapUser", u);
model.addAttribute("modelUser", u);
modelMap.addAttribute("modelMapUser", u);
return "main";
}
}
如果改为重定向方式,则会如何?
7.日期处理
7.1 提交处理:单个日期处理
【index.jsp】
<%--
Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
User: Beyong
Date: 2023/4/15
Time: 21:10
To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>index</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/one.action">1.请求转发页面(默认)</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/two.action">2.请求转发action</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/three.action">3.重定向页面</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/four.action">4.重定向action</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/data.action?uuuName='李华'">默认参数传递数据展示</a><br/>
<br/><br/>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/myDate.action">
日期:<input type="date" name="myDate"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
【DateAction.java】
package com.sdnu.controller;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
@Controller
public class DateAction {
SimpleDateFormat s = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
@RequestMapping("/myDate")
public String myDate(@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")Date myDate){
System.out.println(s.format(myDate));
return "show";
}
}
【springmvc.xml】
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
另一个方法:
在类的成员setXXX()方法上使用@DateTimeFormat注解
7.2 提交处理:类中全局日期处理
【DateAction.java】
package com.sdnu.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.CustomDateEditor;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
@Controller
public class DateAction {
SimpleDateFormat s = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
@InitBinder
public void initBinder(WebDataBinder dataBinder){
dataBinder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(s, true));
}
@RequestMapping("/myDate")
public String myDate(@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")Date myDate){
System.out.println(s.format(myDate));
return "show";
}
}
7.3 显示处理
(1)JSON中的日期显示
需要在类中的成员变量的getXXX方法上加注解.
(2)JSP页面的日期显示
需要使用国际化标签,先添加依赖
8.资源在WEB-INF下
很多企业会将动态资源放在WEB-INF目录下,这样可以保证资源的安全性。在WEB-INF目录下的动态资源不可以直接访问,必须要通过请求转发的方式进行访问。这样避免了通过地址栏直接对资源的访问。重定向也无法访问动态资源。