BSD通用命令手册-SORT

SORT(1) BSD General Commands Manual SORT(1)

NAME
sort – sort or merge records (lines) of text and binary files

SYNOPSIS
- Sort
[-k field1[,field2]] [-S memsize] [-T dir]
[-t char] [-o output] [file …]
sort --help
sort --version

DESCRIPTION
The sort utility sorts text and binary files by lines. A line is a
record separated from the subsequent record by a newline (default) or NUL
‘\0’ character (-z option). A record can contain any printable or
unprintable characters. Comparisons are based on one or more sort keys
extracted from each line of input, and are performed lexicographically,
according to the current locale’s collating rules and the specified com-
mand-line options that can tune the actual sorting behavior. By default,
if keys are not given, sort uses entire lines for comparison.

 The command line options are as follows:

 -c, --check, -C, --check=silent|quiet
         Check that the single input file is sorted.  If the file is not
         sorted, sort produces the appropriate error messages and exits
         with code 1, otherwise returns 0.  If -C or --check=silent is
         specified, sort produces no output.  This is a "silent" version
         of -c.

 -m, --merge
         Merge only.  The input files are assumed to be pre-sorted.  If
         they are not sorted the output order is undefined.

 -o output, --output=output
         Print the output to the output file instead of the standard out-
         put.

 -S size, --buffer-size=size
         Use size for the maximum size of the memory buffer.  Size modi-
         fiers %,b,K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y can be used.  If a memory limit is not
         explicitly specified, sort takes up to about 90% of available
         memory.  If the file size is too big to fit into the memory
         buffer, the temporary disk files are used to perform the sorting.

 -T dir, --temporary-directory=dir
         Store temporary files in the directory dir.  The default path is
         the value of the environment variable TMPDIR or /var/tmp if
         TMPDIR is not defined.

 -u, --unique
         Unique keys.  Suppress all lines that have a key that is equal to
         an already processed one.  This option, similarly to -s, implies
         a stable sort.  If used with -c or -C, sort also checks that
         there are no lines with duplicate keys.

 -s      Stable sort.  This option maintains the original record order of
         records that have an equal key.  This is a non-standard feature,
         but it is widely accepted and used.

 --version
         Print the version and silently exits.

 --help  Print the help text and silently exits.

 The following options override the default ordering rules.  When ordering
 options appear independently of key field specifications, they apply
 globally to all sort keys.  When attached to a specific key (see -k), the
 ordering options override all global ordering options for the key they
 are attached to.

 -b, --ignore-leading-blanks
         Ignore leading blank characters when comparing lines.

 -d, --dictionary-order
         Consider only blank spaces and alphanumeric characters in compar-
         isons.

 -f, --ignore-case
         Convert all lowercase characters to their uppercase equivalent
         before comparison, that is, perform case-independent sorting.

 -g, --general-numeric-sort, --sort=general-numeric
         Sort by general numerical value.  As opposed to -n, this option
         handles general floating points.  It has a more permissive format
         than that allowed by -n but it has a significant performance
         drawback.

 -h, --human-numeric-sort, --sort=human-numeric
         Sort by numerical value, but take into account the SI suffix, if
         present.  Sort first by numeric sign (negative, zero, or posi-
         tive); then by SI suffix (either empty, or `k' or `K', or one of
         `MGTPEZY', in that order); and finally by numeric value.  The SI
         suffix must immediately follow the number.  For example, '12345K'
         sorts before '1M', because M is "larger" than K.  This sort
         option is useful for sorting the output of a single invocation of
         'df' command with -h or -H options (human-readable).

 -i, --ignore-nonprinting
         Ignore all non-printable characters.

 -M, --month-sort, --sort=month
         Sort by month abbreviations.  Unknown strings are considered
         smaller than the month names.

 -n, --numeric-sort, --sort=numeric
         Sort fields numerically by arithmetic value.  Fields are supposed
         to have optional blanks in the beginning, an optional minus sign,
         zero or more digits (including decimal point and possible thou-
         sand separators).

 -R, --random-sort, --sort=random
         Sort by a random order.  This is a random permutation of the
         inputs except that the equal keys sort together.  It is imple-
         mented by hashing the input keys and sorting the hash values.
         The hash function is chosen randomly.  The hash function is ran-
         domized by /dev/random content, or by file content if it is spec-
         ified by --random-source.  Even if multiple sort fields are spec-
         ified, the same random hash function is used for all of them.

 -r, --reverse
         Sort in reverse order.

 -V, --version-sort
         Sort version numbers.  The input lines are treated as file names
         in form PREFIX VERSION SUFFIX, where SUFFIX matches the regular
         expression "(.([A-Za-z~][A-Za-z0-9~]*)?)*".  The files are com-
         pared by their prefixes and versions (leading zeros are ignored
         in version numbers, see example below).  If an input string does
         not match the pattern, then it is compared using the byte compare
         function.  All string comparisons are performed in C locale, the
         locale environment setting is ignored.

         Example:

         $ ls sort* | sort -V

         sort-1.022.tgz

         sort-1.23.tgz

         sort-1.23.1.tgz

         sort-1.024.tgz

         sort-1.024.003.

         sort-1.024.003.tgz

         sort-1.024.07.tgz

         sort-1.024.009.tgz

 The treatment of field separators can be altered using these options:

 -b, --ignore-leading-blanks
         Ignore leading blank space when determining the start and end of
         a restricted sort key (see -k).  If -b is specified before the
         first -k option, it applies globally to all key specifications.
         Otherwise, -b can be attached independently to each field argu-
         ment of the key specifications.  -b.

 -k field1[,field2], --key=field1[,field2]
         Define a restricted sort key that has the starting position
         field1, and optional ending position field2 of a key field.  The
         -k option may be specified multiple times, in which case subse-
         quent keys are compared when earlier keys compare equal.  The -k
         option replaces the obsolete options +pos1 and -pos2, but the old
         notation is also supported.

 -t char, --field-separator=char
         Use char as a field separator character.  The initial char is not
         considered to be part of a field when determining key offsets.
         Each occurrence of char is significant (for example, ``charchar''
         delimits an empty field).  If -t is not specified, the default
         field separator is a sequence of blank space characters, and con-
         secutive blank spaces do not delimit an empty field, however, the
         initial blank space is considered part of a field when determin-
         ing key offsets.  To use NUL as field separator, use -t '\0'.

 -z, --zero-terminated
         Use NUL as record separator.  By default, records in the files
         are supposed to be separated by the newline characters.  With
         this option, NUL ('\0') is used as a record separator character.

 Other options:

 --batch-size=num
         Specify maximum number of files that can be opened by sort at
         once.  This option affects behavior when having many input files
         or using temporary files.  The default value is 16.

 --compress-program=PROGRAM
         Use PROGRAM to compress temporary files.  PROGRAM must compress
         standard input to standard output, when called without arguments.
         When called with argument -d it must decompress standard input to
         standard output.  If PROGRAM fails, sort must exit with error.
         An example of PROGRAM that can be used here is bzip2.

 --random-source=filename
         In random sort, the file content is used as the source of the
         'seed' data for the hash function choice.  Two invocations of
         random sort with the same seed data will use the same hash func-
         tion and will produce the same result if the input is also iden-
         tical.  By default, file /dev/random is used.

 --debug
         Print some extra information about the sorting process to the
         standard output.

 --files0-from=filename
         Take the input file list from the file filename.  The file names
         must be separated by NUL (like the output produced by the command
         "find ... -print0").

 --radixsort
         Try to use radix sort, if the sort specifications allow.  The
         radix sort can only be used for trivial locales (C and POSIX),
         and it cannot be used for numeric or month sort.  Radix sort is
         very fast and stable.

 --mergesort
         Use mergesort.  This is a universal algorithm that can always be
         used, but it is not always the fastest.

 --qsort
         Try to use quick sort, if the sort specifications allow.  This
         sort algorithm cannot be used with -u and -s.

 --heapsort
         Try to use heap sort, if the sort specifications allow.  This
         sort algorithm cannot be used with -u and -s.

 --mmap  Try to use file memory mapping system call.  It may increase
         speed in some cases.

 The following operands are available:

 file    The pathname of a file to be sorted, merged, or checked.  If no
         file operands are specified, or if a file operand is -, the stan-
         dard input is used.

 A field is defined as a maximal sequence of characters other than the
 field separator and record separator (newline by default).  Initial blank
 spaces are included in the field unless -b has been specified; the first
 blank space of a sequence of blank spaces acts as the field separator and
 is included in the field (unless -t is specified).  For example, all
 blank spaces at the beginning of a line are considered to be part of the
 first field.

 Fields are specified by the -k field1[,field2] command-line option.  If
 field2 is missing, the end of the key defaults to the end of the line.

 The arguments field1 and field2 have the form m.n (m,n > 0) and can be
 followed by one or more of the modifiers b, d, f, i, n, g, M and r, which
 correspond to the options discussed above.  When b is specified it
 applies only to field1 or field2 where it is specified while the rest of
 the modifiers apply to the whole key field regardless if they are speci-
 fied only with field1 or field2 or both.  A field1 position specified by
 m.n is interpreted as the nth character from the beginning of the mth
 field.  A missing .n in field1 means `.1', indicating the first character
 of the mth field; if the -b option is in effect, n is counted from the
 first non-blank character in the mth field; m.1b refers to the first non-
 blank character in the mth field.  1.n refers to the nth character from
 the beginning of the line; if n is greater than the length of the line,
 the field is taken to be empty.

 nth positions are always counted from the field beginning, even if the
 field is shorter than the number of specified positions.  Thus, the key
 can really start from a position in a subsequent field.

 A field2 position specified by m.n is interpreted as the nth character
 (including separators) from the beginning of the mth field.  A missing .n
 indicates the last character of the mth field; m = 0 designates the end
 of a line.  Thus the option -k v.x,w.y is synonymous with the obsolete
 option +v-1.x-1 -w-1.y; when y is omitted, -k v.x,w is synonymous with
 +v-1.x-1 -w.0.  The obsolete +pos1 -pos2 option is still supported,
 except for -w.0b, which has no -k equivalent.

ENVIRONMENT
LC_COLLATE Locale settings to be used to determine the collation for
sorting records.

 LC_CTYPE    Locale settings to be used to case conversion and classifica-
             tion of characters, that is, which characters are considered
             whitespaces, etc.

 LC_MESSAGES
             Locale settings that determine the language of output mes-
             sages that sort prints out.

 LC_NUMERIC  Locale settings that determine the number format used in
             numeric sort.

 LC_TIME     Locale settings that determine the month format used in month
             sort.

 LC_ALL      Locale settings that override all of the above locale set-
             tings.  This environment variable can be used to set all
             these settings to the same value at once.

 LANG        Used as a last resort to determine different kinds of locale-
             specific behavior if neither the respective environment vari-
             able, nor LC_ALL are set.

 TMPDIR      Path to the directory in which temporary files will be
             stored.  Note that TMPDIR may be overridden by the -T option.

 GNUSORT_NUMERIC_COMPATIBILITY
             If defined -t will not override the locale numeric symbols,
             that is, thousand separators and decimal separators.  By
             default, if we specify -t with the same symbol as the thou-
             sand separator or decimal point, the symbol will be treated
             as the field separator.  Older behavior was less definite;
             the symbol was treated as both field separator and numeric
             separator, simultaneously.  This environment variable enables
             the old behavior.

FILES
/var/tmp/.bsdsort.PID.* Temporary files.
/dev/random Default seed file for the random sort.

EXIT STATUS
The sort utility shall exit with one of the following values:

 0     Successfully sorted the input files or if used with -c or -C, the
       input file already met the sorting criteria.
 1     On disorder (or non-uniqueness) with the -c or -C options.
 2     An error occurred.

SEE ALSO
comm(1), join(1), uniq(1)

STANDARDS
The sort utility is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 (``POSIX.1’’)
specification.

 The flags [-ghRMSsTVz] are extensions to the POSIX specification.

 All long options are extensions to the specification, some of them are
 provided for compatibility with GNU versions and some of them are own
 extensions.

 The old key notations +pos1 and -pos2 come from older versions of sort
 and are still supported but their use is highly discouraged.

HISTORY
A sort command first appeared in Version 3 AT&T UNIX.

AUTHORS
Gabor Kovesdan gabor@FreeBSD.org,

 Oleg Moskalenko <mom040267@gmail.com>

NOTES
This implementation of sort has no limits on input line length (other
than imposed by available memory) or any restrictions on bytes allowed
within lines.

 The performance depends highly on locale settings, efficient choice of
 sort keys and key complexity.  The fastest sort is with locale C, on
 whole lines, with option -s.  In general, locale C is the fastest, then
 single-byte locales follow and multi-byte locales as the slowest but the
 correct collation order is always respected.  As for the key specifica-
 tion, the simpler to process the lines the faster the search will be.

 When sorting by arithmetic value, using -n results in much better perfor-
 mance than -g so its use is encouraged whenever possible.

BSD March 19, 2015 BSD

net-snmp-config（1）网络SNMP net-snmp-config（1） 名称 net-snmp-config-返回有关已安装的net-snmp的信息 库和二进制文件 概要 net-snmp-config [选项] 描述 net-snmp-config shell脚本旨在检索配置文件。 有关处理SIM卡的库和二进制文件的信息 ple网络管理协议（SNMP），从net-snmp源构建 包。该信息对于以下应用程序特别有用： 需要链接到SNMP库，因此必须了解任何信息 其他必须链接的库。 选项 - 版 显示net-snmp版本号 --indent-options 显示编码样式中的缩进选项 --debug-tokens 显示示例命令行以搜索源代码中的 可用调试令牌的列表 SNMP设置命令： --create-snmpv3-user [-ro] [-a authpass] [-x privpass] [-X DES | AES] [-A MD5 | SHA] [用户名] 这些选项会在构建时生成所需的各种编译标志， 外部SNMP应用程序： --base-cflags 列出了外部应用程序所需的其他编译标志 位置（不包括-I。和额外的开发人员警告标志，如果有的话） --cflags 列出所需的其他编译标志 --libs列出了构建应用程序所需的库 --agent-libs 列出了构建子代理所需的库 --netsnmp-libs 列出netsnmp特定的库 --external-libs 列出netsnmp库所需的库 --netsnmp-agent-libs 列出netsnmp特定的代理库 --external-agent-libs列出了netsnmp库所需的库 自动化子代理程序构建（产生OUTPUTNAME二进制文件）：[此 功能尚未经过广泛测试，使用后果自负。] --compile-subagent OUTPUTNAME [–norm] [–cflags标志] [–ldflags标志] mibmodule1.c […] --norm保留生成的.c文件以供阅读。 --cflags标志 要使用的其他标志（例如-I …）。 --ldflags标志 要使用的额外ld标志（例如-L … -l …）。 有关net-nsmp软件包如何编译的详细信息： --configure-options 显示原始配置参数 --snmpd-module-list 显示编译到代理中的模块 - 字首 显示安装前缀 V5.6.2.1 2006年11月16日net-snmp-config（1）