np.random.choice(a, size, replace, p)；np.argmax(a, axis=None, out=None)

import numpy as np
a1 = np.random.choice(7,5) # 从0~7中随机选择5个数组成一维数组
a1

array([2, 0, 5, 0, 6])

a2 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5) # 从给定list中随机选择5个数组成一维数组
a2

array([0, 6, 1, 6, 6])

a3 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5) # 将list换成array数组依然可以运行，效果一致
a3

array([0, 5, 4, 2, 1])

a4 = np.random.choice([0,1,2,3,4,5,6],5,replace=False) # 上述均有重复，将replace设置为False，即可按要求没有重复的选取
a4

array([3, 0, 5, 4, 1])

a5 = np.random.choice(np.array([0,1,2,3,4,5,6]),5,p=[0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.4])
a5

array([6, 3, 3, 4, 3])

import numpy as np
a = np.array([[1,1,1],[2,2,2],[0,3,6]])
a

array([[1, 1, 1],
       [2, 2, 2],
       [0, 3, 6]])

b1 = np.argmax(a) # 将数组a拉平，最大值索引为9(初始索引为0)
b1
8

8

b2 = np.argmax(a, axis=0) # 按列选取最大值的索引
b2

array([1, 2, 2], dtype=int64)

b3 = np.argmax(a, axis=1) # 按行选取最大值的索引
b3

array([0, 0, 2], dtype=int64)