图数据库初体验——Neo4j & Cypher

1. 下载与启动

Neo4j官网可以免费下载社区版Neo4j以及Neo4j Desktop。以macOS为例，Desktop为常规客户端程序下载安装直接用，社区版下载下来以后需要解压，通过终端进入解压位置启动Neo4j，为了方便可以设置一下访问路径。

进入终端，输入vim ~/.bash_profile，按一下i进入编辑模式，加一行代码

export PATH="your_path/bin:$PATH"

其中your_path为解压后Neo4j的路径，按esc输入:wq，退出编辑后输入

source ~/.bash_profile

然后在终端直接输入 neo4j start 就可以启动啦，启动后在浏览器访问 http://localhost:7474/browser/ 就可以使用啦，初始账户以及密码都是neo4j。

2. 快速上手

图数据库的查询逻辑和自然语言已经相当接近，通过官方的案例就能快速上手，以下为官方提供的基本样例。

简单查询

Find movies released in the 1990s…

查找90年代电影

MATCH (nineties:Movie) WHERE nineties.released >= 1990 AND nineties.released < 2000 
RETURN nineties.title

List all Tom Hanks movies…

查找Tom Hanks出演的电影

MATCH (tom:Person {name: "Tom Hanks"})-[:ACTED_IN]->(tomHanksMovies) 
RETURN tom,tomHanksMovies

How people are related to “Cloud Atlas”…

查找与Cloud Atlas相关的人与相关关系

MATCH (people:Person)-[relatedTo]-(:Movie {title: "Cloud Atlas"}) 
RETURN people.name, Type(relatedTo), relatedTo

关系路径

Movies and actors up to 4 “hops” away from Kevin Bacon

查找和Kevin Bacon有关的所有四度关系（包括小于四）

MATCH (bacon:Person {name:"Kevin Bacon"})-[*1..4]-(hollywood)
RETURN DISTINCT hollywood

Bacon path, the shortest path of any relationships to Meg Ryan

查找Kevin Bacon至Meg Ryan最近的关系路径

MATCH p=shortestPath(
(bacon:Person {name:"Kevin Bacon"})-[*]-(meg:Person {name:"Meg Ryan"})
)
RETURN p

复杂查询

Extend Tom Hanks co-actors, to find co-co-actors who haven’t worked with Tom Hanks…

查找未与Tom Hanks合作过的演员（但是与其合作演员有过合作）

MATCH (tom:Person {name:"Tom Hanks"})-[:ACTED_IN]->(m)<-[:ACTED_IN]-(coActors),
      (coActors)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m2)<-[:ACTED_IN]-(cocoActors)
WHERE NOT (tom)-[:ACTED_IN]->()<-[:ACTED_IN]-(cocoActors) 
      AND tom <> cocoActors
RETURN cocoActors.name AS Recommended, 
       count(*) AS Strength 
       ORDER BY Strength DESC

Find someone to introduce Tom Hanks to Tom Cruise

查找Tom Cruise与Tom Hanks共同合作过的演员以及合作电影

MATCH (tom:Person {name:"Tom Hanks"})-[:ACTED_IN]->(m)<-[:ACTED_IN]-(coActors),
      (coActors)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m2)<-[:ACTED_IN]-(cruise:Person {name:"Tom Cruise"})
RETURN tom, m, coActors, m2, cruise