2023-2024-1 20232818 《Linux内核原理与分析》 第三周作业

1. 使用实验楼的虚拟机打开 shell

$ cd ~/LinuxKernel/linux-3.9.4   #将当前工作目录更改为 Linux 内核源代码的目录路径
$ rm -rf mykernel   #递归地删除名为 mykernel 的目录
$ patch -p1 < ../mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch   #使用 patch 工具来应用一个补丁文件 mykernel_for_linux3.9.4sc.patch 到当前工作目录下的 Linux 内核源代码中

$ make allnoconfig   #使用 make 工具来生成一个默认的配置文件

$ make   #编译 Linux 内核，根据配置文件（.config）中的选项来构建内核
$ qemu -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage   #使用 QEMU 虚拟机来加载刚刚编译完成的 Linux 内核

2. 完成一个简单的时间片轮转多道程序内核代码

2.1 mypcb.h

#define MAX_TASK_NUM        4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE   1024*8
 
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
    unsigned long       ip;
    unsigned long       sp;
};
 
typedef struct PCB{
    int pid;
    volatile long state;    /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    char stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
    /* CPU-specific state of this task */
    struct Thread thread;
    unsigned long   task_entry;
    struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;
 
void my_schedule(void);

        上述文件定义了一个进程控制块（PCB）的结构体，结构体定义了一个线程的CPU相关状态，包括 ip（指令指针）和 sp（栈指针）；通过宏定义，定义了系统支持的最大任务数量和每个任务的内核栈大小；定义了一个名为 my_schedule 的函数。

2.2 mymain.c

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 
 
#include "mypcb.h"
 
tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;
 
void my_process(void);
 
 
void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
    int pid = 0;
    int i;
    /* Initialize process 0*/
    task[pid].pid = pid;
    task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
    task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
    task[pid].next = &task[pid];
    /*fork more process */
    for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++)
    {
        memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
        task[i].pid = i;
        task[i].state = -1;
        task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
        task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
        task[i-1].next = &task[i];
    }
    /* start process 0 by task[0] */
    pid = 0;
    my_current_task = &task[pid];
    asm volatile(
        "movl %1,%%esp\n\t"     /* set task[pid].thread.sp to esp */
        "pushl %1\n\t"          /* push ebp */
        "pushl %0\n\t"          /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
        "ret\n\t"               /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to eip */
        "popl %%ebp\n\t"
        :
        : "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)   /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
    );
}  
void my_process(void)
{
    int i = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        i++;
        if(i%10000000 == 0)
        {
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
            if(my_need_sched == 1)
            {
                my_need_sched = 0;
                my_schedule();
            }
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
        }    
    }
}

        这段代码是一个简单的多任务内核模块，它初始化了一组任务，每个任务都包含了一个简单的循环，用于模拟多任务的运行。任务的切换可以通过 my_schedule 函数来实现。

2.3 myinterrupt.c

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
 
#include "mypcb.h"
 
extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;
 
/*
 * Called by timer interrupt.
 * it runs in the name of current running process,
 * so it use kernel stack of current running process
 */
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
#if 1
    if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
    {
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
        my_need_sched = 1;
    }
    time_count ++ ; 
#endif
    return;    
}
 
void my_schedule(void)
{
    tPCB * next;
    tPCB * prev;
 
    if(my_current_task == NULL
        || my_current_task->next == NULL)
    {
        return;
    }
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
    /* schedule */
    next = my_current_task->next;
    prev = my_current_task;
    if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    {
        /* switch to next process */
        asm volatile(  
            "pushl %%ebp\n\t"       /* save ebp */
            "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp */
            "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
            "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */ 
            "pushl %3\n\t"
            "ret\n\t"               /* restore  eip */
            "1:\t"                  /* next process start here */
            "popl %%ebp\n\t"
            : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
            : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
        );
        my_current_task = next;
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);     
    }
    else
    {
        next->state = 0;
        my_current_task = next;
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
        /* switch to new process */
        asm volatile(  
            "pushl %%ebp\n\t"       /* save ebp */
            "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"     /* save esp */
            "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"     /* restore  esp */
            "movl %2,%%ebp\n\t"     /* restore  ebp */
            "movl $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save eip */ 
            "pushl %3\n\t"
            "ret\n\t"               /* restore  eip */
            : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
            : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
        );         
    }  
    return;
}

       上述代码中 my_timer_handler 函数是一个由定时器中断调用的处理程序，它运行在当前正在运行的进程的上下文中，它增加了 time_count 计数，并且如果 time_count 是1000的倍数且 my_need_sched 不等于1时，它将设置 my_need_sched 为1。该函数是用于在定时器中断时触发任务调度的地方。

  my_shcedule 函数是任务调度器的核心。它检查当前运行的任务是否需要切换到下一个任务，如果需要切换，则执行任务切换。切换过程中，它保存当前任务的堆栈指针、指令指针和状态，然后将这些信息切换到下一个任务的堆栈和寄存器中。该函数还会更新 my_current_task 指针，以指向下一个任务，并输出一条消息来指示任务切换。

2.4 实验结果

     重新编译后结果如下图所示：