测试了17个关于string类的函数 结果见注释
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
void TestString1()
{
string s1;
string s2("hello");
string s3(s2);
string s4("hello", 3); //输出前三个字符 即hel
string s5(10, 'A');
cout << s2 << endl;
cin >> s1;
cout << s1 << endl;
}
// 容量相关
void TestString2()
{
string s("hello");
cout << s.size() << endl; //5
cout << s.length() << endl; //5
cout << s.capacity() << endl; //15
// s如果是空字符串 "" 返回true 否则返回false
if (!s.empty())
{
cout << s << endl;//hello
}
s.clear();
if (s.empty())
{
cout << "空字符串" << endl;//空字符串
}
}
// reserve: 扩容,不会改变有效元素的个数
// reserve(size_t newcapacity)
// 假设当前扩容的string对象底层旧容量oldcapacity
// newcapacity > oldcapacity:reserve方法才会真正扩容
// newcapacity < oldcapacity
// newcapacity >= 16: reserve不会将空间缩小的
// newcapacity <= 15: reserve才会将空间缩小--15
void TestString3()
{
string s("hello");
s.reserve(20); // 31
cout << s.size() << endl;//5
cout << s.capacity() << endl;//31
s.reserve(30);
cout << s.size() << endl;//5
cout << s.capacity() << endl;//31
s.reserve(40); // 47
cout << s.size() << endl;//5
cout << s.capacity() << endl;//47
s.reserve(50); // 70
cout << s.size() << endl;//5
cout << s.capacity() << endl;//70
s.reserve(60); // 70
cout << s.size() << endl;//5
cout << s.capacity() << endl;//70
s.reserve(50); // 70
cout << s.size() << endl;//5
cout << s.capacity() << endl;//70
s.reserve(40); // 70
cout << s.size() << endl;//5
cout << s.capacity() << endl;//70
s.reserve(30); // 70
cout << s.size() << endl;//5
cout << s.capacity() << endl;//70
s.reserve(20); // 70
cout << s.size() << endl;//5
cout << s.capacity() << endl;//70
s.reserve(15); // 15
cout << s.size() << endl;//5
cout << s.capacity() << endl;//15
}
/*
char*
size_t size
size_t capacity
总共占用12字节
*/
void TestString4()
{
cout << sizeof(string) << endl; //输出40
}
// void resize(size_t newsize, char ch)
// void resize(size_t newsize)
// newsize: 将string对象中有效字符个数修改到newsize个
// ch: 如果是增多,多出的元素使用ch填充
// 将string对象中有效元素个数增加到newsize,多出的位置使用ch填充
// 注意:在增多的过程中可能会扩容
// 在减少的过程中容量不变
void TestString5()
{
string s("hello"); // size:5 capacity:15
s.resize(10, '!'); // size:10 capacity:15
s.resize(20, '$'); // size:20 capacity:31
s.resize(30, '%'); // size:30 capacity:31
s.resize(20, '8'); //截断了 没有用8替换
s.resize(8); //hello!!!
s.resize(3); //hel
}
/*
1. 可以知道string内部的扩容机制
2. 如果大概知道要往string中放多少个元素,在push_back之前
可以提前先将容量给好,否则一边插入一边扩容效率非常低
*/
void TestString6()
{
string s;
// s.reserve(100);
size_t cap = s.capacity();
for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
{
s.push_back('A');//s.capacity()达到一定的值会改变
if (cap != s.capacity())
{
cap = s.capacity();
cout << cap << endl;
}
}
}
//输出31 47 70 105
#include <assert.h>
void TestString7()
{
string s("hello");
cout << s[0] << endl; //h
s[0] = 'H';
cout << s << endl; //Hello
cout << s.at(0) << endl; //H
s.at(0) = 'h';
cout << s << endl; //hello
//cout << s[100] << endl; // []越界:assert
//cout << s.at(100) << endl; // at越界:exception: std::out_of_range
}
void TestString8()
{
string s("hello");
s += ' ';
s += "world";
string ss("!!!");
s += ss;
s.append(10, 'A');
cout << s << endl;//hello world!!!AAAAAAAAAA
}
void TestString9()
{
string s("world");
s.insert(s.begin(), ' ');
s.insert(0, "hello");
cout << s << endl;//hello word
}
void TestSTring10()
{
string s("11122233333333333334444");
s.erase(0, 3);
cout << s << endl; //22233333333333334444
s.erase(s.begin()+s.find('3'), s.begin()+s.rfind('3')+1); //删掉了中间的3
cout << s << endl; //2224444
}
// 获取一个文件的后缀
void TestSTring11()
{
string filename("1.t22111.txt");
cout << filename.substr(filename.rfind('.') + 1) << endl; //输出txt
}
// 一行单词,单词和单词之间使用空格隔开,最后一个单词的长度
void TestSTring12()
{
string words;
// cin >> words;
while (getline(cin, words))
{
cout << words.substr(words.rfind(' ') + 1).size() << endl;//输出空格后面字符个个数
}
}
// 遍历
void TestString13() //三次正向输出 两次反向输出
{
int array[] = { 1, 2, 3 };
array[0];
string s("hello");
// 借助下标+[]
for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i)
{
cout << s[i]; // char& operator[](size_t index)
}
cout << endl;
// 范围for
for (auto e : s)
cout << e;
cout << endl;
// 使用正向迭代器
string::iterator it = s.begin();
while (it != s.end())
{
cout << *it;
++it;
}
cout << endl;
// string::reverse_iterator rit = s.rbegin();
auto rit = s.rbegin();
// auto a = 10; int a = 10;
while (rit != s.rend())
{
cout << *rit;
++rit;
}
cout << endl;
reverse(s.begin(), s.end());
cout << s << endl;
}
// https:\www.baidu.com\index.html
void TestString14()
{
string s("https:/www.baidu.com/index.html");
cout << s.find("www") << endl; //7
cout << s.find("com") << endl; //17
size_t pos = s.find("www");
size_t end = s.find("com");
if (end != string::npos)
{
cout << s.substr(pos, end + 3 - pos) << endl; //www.baidu.com 17+3-7=13 即从w开始截取了13个字符
}
else
{
cout << "com不存在" << endl;
}
}
void TestString15()
{
string s("1234");
//将字符串转换为整形,atoi需要字符指针作为参数
int value = atoi(s.c_str());
cout << value << endl; //1234
cout << typeid(value).name() << endl; //int
}
// oj: 给一个单词,返回该单词的长度
void TestString16()
{
// 一次性接收一个字符串---cin在接收字符串时遇到空格 、回车等空白字符停止接收
//string word;
//while (cin >> word)
//{
// cout << word.size() << endl;
//}
// 一次性要接收一行
string words;
while (getline(cin, words))
{
cout << words << endl;
}
}
#include <algorithm>
void TestString17()
{
string s1("hello");
string s2("World");
if (s1 < s2)
{
cout << "s1 < s2" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "s1 >= s2" << endl; //输出s1>=s2 注意W是大写
}
string ss[] = { "hello", "world", "bit", "aaa" };
sort(ss, ss+sizeof(ss) / sizeof(string)); //按首字母排序 注意是a小z大
}
void Testisalpha()
{
cout << isalpha('A') << endl; //输出1
cout << isalpha('-') << endl; //输出0
}
int main()
{
//TestString1();
//TestString2();
//TestString3();
//TestString4();
//TestString5();
//TestString6();
//TestString7();
//TestString8();
//TestString9();
//TestSTring10();
//TestSTring11();
//TestSTring12();
//TestString13();
//TestString14();
//TestString15();
//TestString16();
//TestString17();
Testisalpha();
return 0;
}