Python：OOP运算符重载

利用运算符重载自定义一个数组类型

1. 创建类

class Array:
    def __init__(self,List):
       self.array =  list(List)
    
    def __add__(self,List):        # 定义加法
        A = Array([None]*len(List))
        if len(List) != self.__len__():
            print("长度不相等，无法相加")
        elif isinstance(List,set) or isinstance(List,list) or isinstance(List,tuple) or isinstance(List,Array):
            for i in range(len(A)):
                A[i] = self.array[i] + List[i]
        else :
            print("该类型不支持")
        return A
    
    def __mul__(self,num):         #定义乘法
        if isinstance(num,int):
            return self.array*num
        else:
            print("不支持这类运算")
    def __getitem__(self,index):        #索引运算
        return self.array[index]
    def __setitem__(self,index,value):  #索引赋值语句
        self.array[index] = value
    
    def __len__(self):             # 数组的长度
        return len(self.array)
    
#     def __next__(self):     # 还可以自定义迭代器，但是由于__getitem__可以实现索引迭代，所以这里就不做自定义了
#         pass
#     def __iter__(self):
#         pass

2. 创建一个实例对象

L1 = [1,2,3,4]
array1 = Array(L1)
array1[0]

1

3.再创建一个实例对象

L2 = [2,3,4,5]
array2 = Array(L2)
array2[1]

3

4.打印这两个实例对象中的值

for i in range(4):
    print(array1[i],end=" ")

1 2 3 4 

for i in range(4):
    print(array2[i],end=" ")

2 3 4 5 

5.测试索引输出和修改对象

array1[3]

4

array1[3] = 5
array1[3]

5

for i in range(4):
    print(array1[i],end=" ")

1 2 3 5 

array1[:]

[1, 2, 3, 5]

array1[:2] = [2,3]

array1[:]

[2, 3, 3, 5]

for i in array1:
    print(i,end=" ")

2 3 3 5 

6. 测试重载运算加法

array = array1.__add__([2,3,4,5])

for i in range(array.__len__()):
    print(array[i],end=" ")

4 6 7 10 

array_add = array1 + array2
for i in range(len(array1)):
    print(array_add[i],end=" ")

4 6 7 10 

下面测试一些错误的案例

array_error1 = array1 + [1,2,3]

长度不相等，无法相加

array_error2 = array1 + "hehe"

该类型不支持

array_error3 = array1 + (1,2,3,4,5)
for i in range(len(array_error3)):
    print(array_error3[i])

长度不相等，无法相加
None
None
None
None
None

7.测试乘法运算

array_mul = array1.__mul__(3)

for i in range(array_mul.__len__()):
    print(array_mul[i],end= " ")

2 3 3 5 2 3 3 5 2 3 3 5 

array_mul2 = array1 * 2

for i in range(len(array_mul2)):
    print(array_mul2[i],end=" ")

2 3 3 5 2 3 3 5 

错误案例测试

array_error4 = array1 * 1.5

不支持这类运算

for i in range(len(array_erroe4)):
    print(array_error4[i], end=" ")

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

~\AppData\Local\Temp/ipykernel_51212/3991759325.py in <module>
----> 1 for i in range(len(array_erroe4)):
      2     print(array_error4[i], end=" ")


NameError: name 'array_erroe4' is not defined

参考内容：

python运算符重载

python重载迭代器

Python学习手册

作者:Rookie
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