gcc
gnu, GNU Compiler Collection, GNU 编译套件
GUN 组织(GNU Linux)、Unix 系统、Minix(面向高校教育)系统、posix接口(计算机要遵循的标准接口,便于计算机间的程序移植)、Internet
gcc 编译工具链
- gcc编译器(预处理、编译)
- binutils工具集(汇编、链接)
hello world
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("hello, world!\r\n");
return 0;
}
gcc 预处理c文件
gcc -E hello.c -o hello.i -v
-v 打印过程信息
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-c' '-o' 'hello.o' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/cc1 -E -quiet -v -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu hello.c -o hello.i -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Wformat-security -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection
gcc 编译c文件
sudo gcc -S hello.i -o hello.s -v
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-c' '-o' 'hello.o' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/cc1 -fpreprocessed hello.i -quiet -dumpbase hello.i -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase-strip hello.s -version -o hello.s -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Wformat-security -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection
gcc 编译汇编
sudo gcc -c hello.s -o hello.o -v
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-c' '-o' 'hello.o' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
as -v --64 -o hello.o hello.s
gcc 链接可重定位文件
默认动态编译
优点:省内存
缺点:依赖外部环境
sudo gcc hello.o -o hello -v
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-o' 'hello' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/collect2 -plugin /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/cczZtK0a.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -pie -z now -z relro -o hello /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/Scrt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtbeginS.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../lib -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../.. hello.o -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state -lc -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtendS.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
collect2 封装了 ld 链接器。
crtn.o 有 glic 的程序入口 _start
使用静态编译
优点:不需要依赖外部环境
缺点:程序比较大
sudo gcc hello.o -o hello_static -v -static
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-o' 'hello_static' '-v' '-static' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/collect2 -plugin /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/ccdUWjg0.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_eh -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc --build-id -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -static -z relro -o hello_static /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtbeginT.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../lib -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../.. hello.o --start-group -lgcc -lgcc_eh -lc --end-group /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
一步到位.c生成可执行文件
sudo gcc hello.c -o hello -v
第一条执行命令:
调用cc1
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-o' 'hello' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/cc1 -quiet -v -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu hello.c -quiet -dumpbase hello.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase hello -version -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Wformat-security -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection -o /tmp/ccbLUcUh.s
第二条执行命令:
调用as汇编器。
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-o' 'hello' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
as -v --64 -o /tmp/ccBLbCwi.o /tmp/ccbLUcUh.s
第三条执行命令:
调用collect2链接器
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-o' 'hello' '-v' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/collect2 -plugin /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/ccaxo5sh.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -pie -z now -z relro -o hello /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/Scrt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtbeginS.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../lib -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../.. /tmp/ccBLbCwi.o -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state -lc -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtendS.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o