字符串格式化

1. 什么是字符串格式化
   将变量或值插入到字符串中的过程，以创建具有动态内容的字符串
2. format()方法

msg='My Name is {} Age is {}'.format('lily',20)
print(msg)

# 位置参数格式化字符串
msg='My Name is {0} Age is {1}'.format('lily',20)
print(msg)

# 关键字参数
msg='My Name is {name} Age is {age}'.format(name='lily',age=20)
print(msg)

# 格式化字符串时，指定格式化选项
num = 2.123413555699877
msg='The value of num is {:.2f}'.format(num)
print(msg)

3. f-string字符串
   使用前缀f定义字符串，并使用花括号来插入变量或值

name= 'boby'
age =18
msg=f'My Name is {name} Age is {age}'
print(msg)

# 字符串对齐
print(f"The value is ljust: |{'abc':5}|")
print(f"The value is ljust: |{'abc':>5}|")
print(f"The value is rjust: |{'abc':<5}|")
#数字对齐
print(f"The value is rjust: |{23:5}|")
print(f"The value is ljust: |{23:<5}|")
print(f"The value is rjust: |{23:>5}|")

表达式和函数调用

name = 'lucy'
age = 30
msg = f"{'hello' if age < 30 else 'hi'}{name.upper()}"
print(msg)