SpringMVC
1.初识SpringMVC
-
添加maven依赖
<!--导入依赖--> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <!--配置资源过滤--> <build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resource</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build>
-
编写web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!--配置DispatchServlet 这个是springmvc的核心:请求分发器,前端控制器--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--DispatcherServlet要绑定Spring的配置文件--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <!-- springMVC中 / 和 /* / : 匹配所有的请求,但不会匹配jsp请求 /* : 匹配所有的请求,也会匹配jsp请求 不推荐 --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
-
根据param-value需求编写springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > <!--处理器映射器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/> <!--处理器适配器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/> <!--视图解析器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!--前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!--后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> <!--BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping:bean--> <bean id="/hello" class="com.qilin.controller.HelloController"/> </beans>
-
编写Controller类
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class HelloController implements Controller { public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception { ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView(); //业务代码 String str = "Hello SpringMVC"; modelAndView.addObject("msg",str); //视图跳转 modelAndView.setViewName("test"); return modelAndView; } }
-
编写test.jsp页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> ${msg} </body> </html>
-
配置Tomcat启动测试!
-
可能遇到的问题!!!!(出现404或500)
- 查看控制台输出,查看是否缺少jar包
- 如果jar包存在,则在IDEA的项目发布中添加lib依赖!(Artifacts中)
- 重启Tomcat即可解决!
2.使用注解构建SpringMVC
-
添加maven依赖
<!--导入依赖--> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.2.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <!--配置资源过滤--> <build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resource</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build>
-
编写web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!--配置DispatchServlet 这个是springmvc的核心:请求分发器,前端控制器--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--DispatcherServlet要绑定Spring的配置文件--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <!-- springMVC中 / 和 /* / : 匹配所有的请求,但不会匹配jsp请求 /* : 匹配所有的请求,也会匹配jsp请求 不推荐 --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
-
根据param-value需求编写springmvc-servlet.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <!--自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器同一管理--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.qilin.controller"/> <!--让MVC不处理静态资源 如: .css .js .html .mp3 等等--> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> <!-- 支持mvc注解驱动 在spring中一般采用RequestMapprin来完成映射关系 想要RequestMapping生效 必须向上下文注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping 和一个AnnotationMethodMethodHandler实例 这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理 而annotation-driven配置可以帮助我们完成以上两个注入 --> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <!--视图解析器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!--前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!--后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> </beans>
-
编写Controller类
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String hello(Model model){ String str = "Hello SpringMVCAnnotation"; //封装数据 model.addAttribute("msg",str); return "hello";//会被视图解析器处理 } }
-
编写hello.jsp
<html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> ${msg} </body> </html>
3. 使用SpringMVC必须配置的三大件
-
处理器映射器
-
处理器适配器
-
视图解析器
通常我们只需要手动配置视图解析器,处理器映射器和处理器适配器只需要开启注解驱动即可,省去了大量的xml配置
4. SpringMVC转发和重定向
-
无视图解析器
@Controller public Class ResultSpringMVC{ @RequestMapping("/hello") public String test1() { //转发一 return "forward:/hello.jsp"; } @RequestMapping("/hello") public String test2() { //转发二 return "/hello.jsp"; } @RequestMapping("/hello") public String test3() { //重定向 return "redirect:/index.jsp"; } }
-
有视图解析器
- 重定向,不需要视图解析器,本质就是请求一个新地址,只需要注意路劲问题
@RequestMapping("/hello") public String test4() { //转发 return "hello"; } @RequestMapping("/hello") public String test5() { //重定向 return "redirect:/index.jsp"; }
5.解决前后端传输的乱码问题
-
自定义过滤器
-
实现Filter接口
import javax.servlet.*; import java.io.IOException; public class EncodingFilter implements Filter { public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { } public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { servletRequest.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); servletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest,servletResponse); } public void destroy() { } }
-
在web.xm中注册
<filter> <filter-name>encoding</filter-name> <filter-class>com.qilin.filter.EncodingFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encoding</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
-
-
使用SpringMVC的乱码过滤
-
在web.xml注册]
<filter> <filter-name>encoding</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encoding</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
-
6.常用注解解析
-
@Component
@Component 注解是一个组合注解
- @Controller
- @Service
- @Repository
其本质一样,更多的是为了区分层次
-
@RequestMapping
-
你可以使用@RequestMapping注解来将请求URL映射到整个类上
或某个特定的方法上,即@RequestMapping 既可以定义在类上,
也可以定义方法上
-
标准URL 映射
- 单url映射:@RequestMapping("/hello")
- 多url映射:@RequestMapping({"/hello","/world"})
-
占位符URL 映射
-
URL 中可以通过一个或多个 {} 占位符映射
例如:@RequestMapping("/user/{userId}/show")
可以通过@PathVariable("") 注解将占位符中的值绑定到方法参数上
/** * 如果 URL 中的 userId 是纯数字,那么使用 @PathVariable * 做绑定时,可以根据自己的需求将方法参数类型设置为 Long、 * Integer、String */ @RequestMapping("/user/{userId}/show") public ModelAndView show(@PathVariable("userId") Long userId) { // 创建 ModelAndView 对象,并设置视图名称 ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("show"); // 添加模型数据 mv.addObject("msg", "User ID:" + userId); return mv; }
-
-
RestFul风格映射(最常用)
- @PostMapping
- @GetMapping
- @DeleteMapping
- @PutMapping 等
-
-
@RequestBody和@RequestParam()
- @RequestBody主要用来接收前端传递给后端的json字符串中的数据的(请求体中的数据)
- 加上@ResponseBody意思是返回字符串或json或xml到前台页面,也就是return里的东西。这时候,即使你在视图解析器InternalResourceViewResolver中配置相应的返回页面也是不起作用的
- GET方式无请求体,所以@RequestBody接收数据,前端不能使用GET方式提交数据,而是用POST方式进行提交。
- 在后端的同一个接收方法里,@RequestBody与@RequestParam()可以同时使用,@RequestBody最多只能有一个,而@RequestParam()可以有多个。
- 一个请求,只有一个RequestBody;一个请求,可以有多个RequestParam()。
- 如果参数前写了@RequestParam(xxx),那么前端必须有对应的xxx名字才行
-
@RestController和@Controller
- @RestController注解相当于@ResponseBody + @Controller
- 如果用@RestController注解即使你在视图解析器InternalResourceViewResolver中配置相应的返回页面也是不起作用的。
- 如果用@Controller注解,则可以配置视图解析器,return里的是要返回的jsp路径。
- 用ajax访问获取数据时,相应的后台方法要加@ResponseBody,就是因为ajax接收Json数据作为返回值。
- 总结:它俩的区别就是return后的是返回的内容还是返回的路径。
7.JSON工具
-
Jackson
-
添加maven依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.11.0</version> </dependency>
-
解决JSON乱码问题 springmvc-service.xml配置
<!--JSON出现乱码问题--> <mvc:annotation-driven> <mvc:message-converters register-defaults="true"> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter"> <constructor-arg value="UTF-8"/> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"> <property name="objectMapper"> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean"> <property name="failOnEmptyBeans" value="false"/> </bean> </property> </bean> </mvc:message-converters> </mvc:annotation-driven>
-
编写jacksonUtil工具类
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; public class JackSonUtil { public static String getJson(Object object){ return getJson(object,"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); } public static String getJson(Object object,String dateFormat){ ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); //不使用时间戳格式 mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS,false); //自定义日期格式 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(dateFormat); mapper.setDateFormat(sdf); try { return mapper.writeValueAsString(object); } catch (JsonProcessingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } }
-
测试使用JackSonUtil工具类
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException; import com.qilin.utils.JackSonUtil; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import java.util.Date; @Controller public class UserController { @RequestMapping("/j1") @ResponseBody //它不会走视图解析器 直接返回一个字符串 public String json1() throws JsonProcessingException { Date date = new Date(); return JackSonUtil.getJson(date); } }
-
-
FastJson
-
添加maven依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.1.37</version> </dependency>
-
实体类测试
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException; import com.qilin.utils.JackSonUtil; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import java.util.Date; @Controller public class UserController { @RequestMapping("/j1") @ResponseBody //它不会走视图解析器 直接返回一个字符串 public String json1(){ Date date = new Date(); return JSON.toJSONString(date); } }
-