用socket实现聊天

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-31 00:00:00 发布

Android 《开发》

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-31 00:00:00 发布

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文章标签：网络服务器 http

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_46409629/article/details/127318535

版权

socket是什么？

1、socket是协议和你应用程序的一个接口，你通过它来实现通信,是用来做通信的一套API

2、socket就是插座的意思，把2个东西通过电线插在插座上，就可以通信了

3、各种通信，现在主要都是用socket的

如何使用socket实现聊天功能？

实现服务端功能，创建一个java项目，用idea和Android studio都可以

推荐使用idea写服务端

这里我们说一说用Android studio创建一个java模块

选择Java Library 需要改名字的自己随意

app下的就是创建java模块(名字是自己定义的那个)

我们来看看代码：

ClientManager.java （客户端管理类用来管理客户端的消息）


import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;


// 客户端的管理类
public class ClientManager {

    private static Map<String,Socket> clientList = new HashMap<>();
    private static ServerThread serverThread = null;

    private static class ServerThread implements Runnable {

        private int port = 10010;
        private boolean isExit = false;
        private ServerSocket server;

        public ServerThread() {
            try {
                server = new ServerSocket(port);
                System.out.println("启动服务成功" + "port:" + port);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("启动server失败，错误原因：" + e.getMessage());
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                while (!isExit) {
                    // 进入等待环节
                    System.out.println("等待手机的连接... ... ");
                    final Socket socket = server.accept();
                    // 获取手机连接的地址及端口号
                    final String address = socket.getRemoteSocketAddress().toString();
                    System.out.println("连接成功，连接的手机为：" + address);

                    new Thread(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            try {
                                // 单线程索锁
                                synchronized (this){
                                    // 放进到Map中保存
                                    clientList.put(address,socket);
                                }
                                // 定义输入流
                                InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
                                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                                int len;
                                while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
                                    String text = new String(buffer,0,len);
                                    System.out.println("收到的数据为：" + text);
                                    // 在这里群发消息
                                    sendMsgAll(text);
                                }

                            }catch (Exception e){
                                System.out.println("错误信息为：" + e.getMessage());
                            }finally {
                                synchronized (this){
                                    System.out.println("关闭链接：" + address);
                                    clientList.remove(address);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }).start();

                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        public void Stop(){
            isExit = true;
            if (server != null){
                try {
                    server.close();
                    System.out.println("已关闭server");
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static ServerThread startServer(){
        System.out.println("开启服务");
        if (serverThread != null){
            showDown();
        }
        serverThread = new ServerThread();
        new Thread(serverThread).start();
        System.out.println("开启服务成功");
        return serverThread;
    }

    // 关闭所有server socket 和 清空Map
    public static void showDown(){
        for (Socket socket : clientList.values()) {
            try {
                socket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        serverThread.Stop();
        clientList.clear();
    }

    // 群发的方法
    public static boolean sendMsgAll(String msg){
        try {
            for (Socket socket : clientList.values()) {
                OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
                outputStream.write(msg.getBytes("utf-8"));
            }
            return true;
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return false;
    }

}

MyClass.java （开启服务）

public class MyClass {

    public static void main(String[]args){
        // 开启服务器
        ClientManager.startServer();
    }

}

这样就可以启动服务端了。（用Android studio的可能会中文乱码和其它问题，想了解的朋友可以更深入的了解，这里就直接用idea写了）

写客户端（Android studio）

1、实现聊天记录显示页面的内容：

activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">


    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/rv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="9"/>

    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="1">

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et"
            android:layout_weight="8"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:hint="输入内容"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn"
            android:text="发送"
            android:layout_margin="3dp"
            android:layout_weight="2"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    </LinearLayout>



</LinearLayout>

2、接下来是准备工作，首先写一个MyBean，用来存储名字，消息内容，消息时间，以及加载哪种布局：

MyBean.java

public class MyBean {
    private String data;
    private String time,name;
    private int number;

    public MyBean() {
    }

    public MyBean(String data, int number,String time,String name) {
        this.data = data;
        this.number = number;
        this.name = name;
        this.time = time;
    }

    public String getTime() {
        return time;
    }

    public void setTime(String time) {
        this.time = time;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getData() {
        return data;
    }

    public void setData(String data) {
        this.data = data;
    }

    public int getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public void setNumber(int number) {
        this.number = number;
    }
}

3、写两个不同布局的item，第一种内容显示在左侧第二种则在右侧：

第一个 item.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:background="#c8fffa"
    android:layout_margin="5dp"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv"
        android:layout_gravity="left"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:text="lalala"
        android:layout_margin="5dp"
        android:textColor="#000000"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_gravity="left"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_name"
            android:text="name_xx"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_time"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:text="1993-09-28"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

第二个 item2.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:background="#fcfdd9"
    android:layout_margin="5dp"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv2"
        android:layout_gravity="right"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:text="lalala"
        android:layout_margin="5dp"
        android:textColor="#000000"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_gravity="right"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_name2"
            android:text="name_xx"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_time2"
            android:layout_margin="5dp"
            android:text="1993-09-28"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

4、写一个适配器，用于加载不同的布局（item和item2）

MyAdapter.java


import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import java.util.ArrayList;


public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter {

    private Context context;
    private ArrayList<MyBean> data;
    private static final int TYPEONE = 1;
    private static final int TYPETWO = 2;

    public MyAdapter(Context context) {
        this.context = context;
    }

    public void setData(ArrayList<MyBean> data) {
        this.data = data;
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemViewType(int position) {
        return data.get(position).getNumber();
    }

    @Override
    public RecyclerView.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder = null;
        switch (viewType){
            case TYPEONE:
                View view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item,parent,false);
                holder = new OneViewHolder(view);
                break;
            case TYPETWO:
                View view1 = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item2,parent,false);
                holder = new TwoViewHolder(view1);
                break;
        }
        return holder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder, int position) {
        int itemViewType = getItemViewType(position);
        switch (itemViewType){
            case TYPEONE:
                OneViewHolder oneViewHolder = (OneViewHolder) holder;
                oneViewHolder.tv1.setText(data.get(position).getData());
                oneViewHolder.name1.setText(data.get(position).getName());
                oneViewHolder.time1.setText(data.get(position).getTime());
                break;
            case TYPETWO:
                TwoViewHolder twoViewHolder = (TwoViewHolder) holder;
                twoViewHolder.tv2.setText(data.get(position).getData());
                twoViewHolder.name2.setText(data.get(position).getName());
                twoViewHolder.time2.setText(data.get(position).getTime());
                break;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return  data != null && data.size() > 0 ? data.size() : 0;
    }

    class OneViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        private TextView tv1;
        private TextView name1,time1;
        public OneViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            tv1 = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv);
            name1 = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
            time1 = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_time);
        }
    }

    class TwoViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
        private TextView tv2;
        private TextView name2,time2;
        public TwoViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            tv2 = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv2);
            name2 = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_name2);
            time2 = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv_time2);
        }
    }

}

5、下面终于进入到了正题~进入到MainActivity中，记得把IP地址改成自己的，看注解

MainActivity.java

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private RecyclerView rv;
    private EditText et;
    private Button btn;
    private Socket socket;
    private ArrayList<MyBean> list;
    private MyAdapter adapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        rv = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.rv);
        et = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et);
        btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
        list = new ArrayList<>();
        adapter = new MyAdapter(this);

        final Handler handler = new MyHandler();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    socket = new Socket("192.168.18.160", 10010);  //192.168.18.160是我的IP地址，换成自己电脑ip
                    InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
                    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                    int len;
                    while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                        String data = new String(buffer, 0, len);
                        // 发到主线程中 收到的数据
                        Message message = Message.obtain();
                        message.what = 1;
                        message.obj = data;
                        handler.sendMessage(message);
                    }

                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();

        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                final String data = et.getText().toString();
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        try {
                            OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
                            SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");    //设置日期格式
                            outputStream.write((socket.getLocalPort() + "//" + data + "//" + df.format(new Date())).getBytes("utf-8"));
                            outputStream.flush();

                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }).start();
            }
        });

    }

    private class MyHandler extends Handler {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            if (msg.what == 1) {
                //
                int localPort = socket.getLocalPort();
                String[] split = ((String) msg.obj).split("//");
                if (split[0].equals(localPort + "")) {
                    MyBean bean = new MyBean(split[1], 1, split[2], "我：");
                    list.add(bean);
                } else {
                    MyBean bean = new MyBean(split[1], 2, split[2], ("来自：" + split[0]));
                    list.add(bean);
                }

                // 向适配器set数据
                adapter.setData(list);
                rv.setAdapter(adapter);
                LinearLayoutManager manager = new LinearLayoutManager(MainActivity.this, LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false);
                rv.setLayoutManager(manager);
            }
        }
    }

}

6、再加一个网络权限哦

   <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

7、来看看效果

好了，想要试试的直接复制粘贴就能运行，（由于我电脑没网，所以电脑和手机链接同一个wifi）

实在不想复制

点击下载

Android 《开发》

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用socket实现聊天

基于套接字socket实现聊天的功能
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