芹菜笔记:
这里面线程池和令牌桶没有学习;
调试小技巧:统计程序消耗的时间;
互斥量:
原子笔记
互斥锁初始化:
pthread_mutex_init()函数对互斥锁进行初始化
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);
或者:
pthread_mutex_t *mutex = malloc(sizeof(pthread_mutex_t));
pthread_mutex_init(mutex, NULL);
互斥锁加锁和解锁
pthread_mutex_lock()可以对互斥锁加锁、获取互斥锁;pthread_mutex_unlock()可以对互斥锁解锁、释放互斥锁;
如果线程不希望被阻塞,可以使用 pthread_mutex_trylock()函数
销毁互斥锁
pthread_mutex_destroy()函数来销毁互斥锁
- 不能销毁还没有解锁的互斥锁,否则将会出现错误;
- 没有初始化的互斥锁也不能销毁
互斥锁死锁
// 线程 A
pthread_mutex_lock(mutex1);
pthread_mutex_lock(mutex2);
// 线程 B
pthread_mutex_lock(mutex2);
pthread_mutex_lock(mutex1);
互斥锁属性
pthread_mutex_init()函数初始化互斥锁时可以设置互斥锁的属性
pthread_mutexattr_destroy()将其销毁
pthread_mutexattr_gettype()函数得到互斥锁类型属性,
pthread_mutexattr_settype()修改/设置互斥锁类型属性,
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_mutexattr_t attr;
/* 初始化互斥锁属性对象 */
pthread_mutexattr_init(&attr);
/* 将类型属性设置为 PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL */
pthread_mutexattr_settype(&attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL);
/* 初始化互斥锁 */
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, &attr);
......
/* 使用完之后 */
pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&attr);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
面试题:依次打印abcd
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define THRNUM 4
static pthread_mutex_t mut[THRNUM];
static int next(int n)
{
if(n + 1 == THRNUM)
return 0;
return n + 1;
}
static void *thr_func(void *p)
{
int c;
int n = (int)p;
c = 'a' + n;
while(1)
{
pthread_mutex_lock(mut+n);
write(1, &c, 1);
pthread_mutex_unlock(mut+next(n));
}
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
int main()
{
pthread_t tid[THRNUM];
int i, err;
for(i = 0; i < THRNUM; i++)
{
pthread_mutex_init(mut+i, NULL);
pthread_mutex_lock(mut+i);
err = pthread_create(tid+i, NULL, thr_func, (void *)i);
if(err)
{
fprintf(stderr, "pthread_create():%s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
}
pthread_mutex_unlock(mut+0);
alarm(2 );
for(i = 0; i < THRNUM; i++)
pthread_join(tid[i], NULL);
exit(0);
}