根目录的扩展

1. 添加磁盘

此处略

2. 分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-41943039，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039，默认为 41943039)：
将使用默认值 41943039
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 20 GiB

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p

磁盘 /dev/sdb：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0xd72abff9

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    41943039    20970496   83  Linux

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。

[root@localhost ~]# kpartx -a /dev/sdb1

3. 扩容

（1）创建物理卷

[root@localhost ~]# lvm
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
lvm> pvs
pvs     pvscan
lvm> pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <13.01 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3329
  Free PE               1
  Allocated PE          3328
  PV UUID               C332am-gtwv-GsS6-Vk1Y-qAdp-y0p0-IAIdFb

  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<20.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name
  PV Size               <20.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               5VGJqP-VitD-QPO1-5gKh-y23s-bCeJ-lrSC80

（2）创建逻辑卷

lvm> vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               13.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3329
  Alloc PE / Size       3328 / 13.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               DBgKx9-QYm1-yvlp-YVz7-nqcF-tOnD-nW8WKx

lvm> vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended
lvm> vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               33.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              8448
  Alloc PE / Size       3328 / 13.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       5120 / 20.00 GiB
  VG UUID               DBgKx9-QYm1-yvlp-YVz7-nqcF-tOnD-nW8WKx

（3）扩容

lvm> lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 10.00 GiB (2560 extents) to 30.00 GiB (7680 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

（4）同步文件系统

[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=655360 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=2621440, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 2621440 to 7864320

（5）查看验证

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root   30G  1.9G   29G    7% /
devtmpfs                 443M     0  443M    0% /dev
tmpfs                    455M     0  455M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    455M  7.4M  447M    2% /run
tmpfs                    455M     0  455M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sr0                  11G   11G     0  100% /mnt/cdrom
/dev/sda1                197M  125M   73M   64% /boot
tmpfs                     91M     0   91M    0% /run/user/0

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