GUI编程
GUI简介
GUI的核心技术：Swing、AWT
GUI：图形用户编程
使用领域少的原因
- 界面不美观
- 需要jre环境支持
为什么需要学习：
- 可以写出自己想要的一些小工具
- 工作时候，也可能需要维护到swing界面（概率小）
- 了解吗MVC架构，了解监听
AWT
AWT介绍
- 包含了很多接口和类
- 元素：窗口、按钮、文本框
- java.awt
Frame实战
public class TestFrame01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100,100,200,200,Color.green);
MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(100,300,200,200,Color.blue);
MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(300,100,200,200,Color.red);
MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300,300,200,200,Color.white);
}
}
//使用构造器
class MyFrame extends Frame{
static int id = 0;//可能存在多个窗口，所以需要一个计数器
public MyFrame(int x, int y, int w, int d, Color color){
super("MyFrame"+(++id));
setBounds(x,y,w,d);
setBackground(color);
setVisible(true);
}
}
Panel实战
public class TestPanel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Panel panel = new Panel();
//设置frame布局
frame.setLayout(null);
//设置可见性
frame.setVisible(true);
//设置frame坐标以及背景色
frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
frame.setBackground(new Color(0x2BCB00));
//设置panel坐标以及背景色
panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
panel.setBackground(new Color(0xD0070B));
//将面板放进框架
frame.add(panel);
//监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
//适配器模式
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
布局管理器(frame.setLayout)
按钮流式布局
public class TestFlowLayout {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
FlowLayout layout = new FlowLayout();
Button button1 = new Button("First");
Button button2 = new Button("Second");
Button button3 = new Button("Third");
//设置流式布局，按钮默认居中显示 否则：layout.(方位)
frame.setLayout(layout);
frame.setSize(500,500);
//添加按钮
frame.add(button1);
frame.add(button2);
frame.add(button3);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
东西南北中布局
public class TestFlowLayout01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button btn1 = new Button("East");
Button btn2 = new Button("West");
Button btn3 = new Button("South");
Button btn4 = new Button("North");
Button btn5 = new Button("Center");
frame.add(btn1,BorderLayout.EAST);
frame.add(btn2,BorderLayout.WEST);
frame.add(btn3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
frame.add(btn4,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(btn5,BorderLayout.CENTER);
frame.setSize(200,200);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
表格布局(GridLayout)
public class TestGrid {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
frame.add(btn1);
frame.add(btn2);
frame.add(btn3);
frame.add(btn4);
frame.add(btn5);
frame.add(btn6);
frame.setSize(200,200);
//frame.pack(); //Java函数，根据里面的东西来自动填充框体大小（可有可无）
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
作业
public class TestGridLayout01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
Panel panel1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel panel2 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
Panel panel3 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
frame.setSize(400,400);
panel1.setSize(400,200);
panel2.setSize(400,200);
frame.setVisible(true);
frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
frame.add(panel1);
frame.add(panel2);
panel1.add(new Button("btn1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
panel1.add(new Button("btn4"),BorderLayout.EAST);
panel1.add(panel3,BorderLayout.CENTER);
panel3.add(new Button("btn2"));
panel3.add(new Button("btn3"));
panel2.add(new Button("btn5"),BorderLayout.WEST);
panel2.add(new Button("btn10"),BorderLayout.EAST);
panel2.add(panel4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
for (int i = 6; i < 10; i++) {
panel4.add(new Button("btn"+i));
}
}
}
总结
- Frame是一个顶级窗口
- Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器当中
- 布局管理器
- 流式布局
- 东西南北中局部
- 表格布局
- 大小、定位、背景、颜色、可见性、监听
事件监听
public class TestAction {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button btn = new Button("btn");
//点击按钮触发的事件
MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
btn.addActionListener(myActionListener);
frame.add(btn);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
WindowClosing.windowClose(frame);
}
}
//事件监听，当点击按钮的时候输出：OK
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("OK");
}
}
多个按钮共享一个事件
public class TestAction01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Frame frame = new Frame();
Button btn1 = new Button("start");
Button btn2 = new Button("stop");
frame.add(btn1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
frame.add(btn2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
btn1.setActionCommand("start");
btn2.setActionCommand("stop");
MyActionEvent myActionEvent = new MyActionEvent();
btn1.addActionListener(myActionEvent);
btn2.addActionListener(myActionEvent);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
WindowClosing.windowClose(frame);
}
}
class MyActionEvent implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if(e.getActionCommand().equals("start")){
System.out.println("您点击了按钮=>"+e.getActionCommand());
}
else
System.out.println("您没有点击start按钮");
}
}
输入框(TextField)
public class TestTextField {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame();
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
public MyFrame(){
//new一个文本框对象
TextField textField = new TextField();
add(textField);
//设置文本框的监听事件
MyActionListener01 myActionListener01 = new MyActionListener01();
//按下enter时会触发监听事件
textField.addActionListener(myActionListener01);
//设置替换编码为 *
textField.setEchoChar('*');
pack();
setVisible(true);
}
}
class MyActionListener01 implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
TextField textField = (TextField) e.getSource();//使textField对象获取到文本框内的内容
System.out.println(textField.getText());//后台输出内容
textField.setText("");//按下回车后设置文本内容为空
}
}
实现简易的计算功能
public class Clam {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyClam().loadFrame();
}
}
class MyClam extends Frame{
//属性
TextField text1,text2,text3;
Label label;
Button btn;
//方法
public void loadFrame(){
//设置组件
text1 = new TextField(10);
text2 = new TextField(10);
text3 = new TextField(20);
label = new Label("+");
btn = new Button("=");
btn.addActionListener(new MyActionListener());
//设置布局
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(text1);
add(label);
add(text2);
add(btn);
add(text3);
pack();
setVisible(true);
windowClose();
}
//监听器类
private class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
int n1 = Integer.parseInt(text1.getText());
int n2 = Integer.parseInt(text2.getText());
text3.setText(String.valueOf(n1+n2));
}
}
//
public void windowClose(){
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
画笔
public class TestPaint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyPaint().LoadFrame();
}
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
public void LoadFrame(){
setVisible(true);
setBounds(200,200,500,500);
windowClosing();
}
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.setColor(Color.red);//画笔的颜色设置
g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);//实心圆
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.drawOval(100,200,100,100);//空心圆
}
public void windowClosing(){
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
鼠标监听
public class TestMouse {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyFrame("画图");
}
}
class MyFrame extends Frame {
ArrayList points;
public MyFrame(String title) {
super(title);
setBounds(100,100,500,500);
points = new ArrayList<>();
this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseAction());//鼠标监听器
setVisible(true);
WindowClosing();
}
//画画，监听鼠标事件
@Override
public void paint(Graphics g) {
Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
while(iterator.hasNext()){
Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.fillOval(point.x,point.y,5,5);
}
}
//添加一个点到页面上
public void addPoint(Point point){
points.add(point);
}
//适配器模式，监听鼠标动作
private class MyMouseAction extends MouseAdapter{
@Override
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
MyFrame frame = (MyFrame)e.getSource();
frame.addPoint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));//画出来获取到鼠标点击的那个点
frame.repaint();//每次鼠标点击都进行画板刷新
}
}
//关闭窗口
public void WindowClosing(){
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
窗口监听
public class TestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new WindowFrame();
}
}
class WindowFrame extends Frame{
public WindowFrame(){
setBackground(Color.blue);
setVisible(true);
this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
//关闭窗口
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
//激活窗口
@Override
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
WindowFrame windowFrame= (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
windowFrame.setTitle("不要离开我哦");
}
});
}
}
键盘监听
public class TestKey {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new KeyFrame();
}
}
class KeyFrame extends Frame{
public KeyFrame(){
Label label = new Label();
setBounds(100,100,200,200);
setVisible(true);
add(label);
//设置窗口监听事件，实现关闭窗口
this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
@Override
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
System.exit(0);
}
});
//设置键盘监听事件
this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
@Override
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
//获取当前按下的按键对应的码
int keycode = e.getKeyCode();
//判断
if(keycode == KeyEvent.VK_UP)
label.setText("You used the up!");
}
});
}
}
Swing
窗口(JFrame)
public class JFrameDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JFrameDemo01().init();
}
//init初始化
public void init(){
JFrame jFrame = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame！");
JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎来到小梁的自学Java世界",0);//SwingConstants.CENTER 等同于 0
jFrame.add(jLabel);
jFrame.setBounds(100,100,200,200);
jFrame.setVisible(true);
jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
jFrame.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.red);
}
}
弹窗
public class DiologDemo extends JFrame{
public static void main(String[] args) {
new DiologDemo();
}
public DiologDemo(){
JButton jButton = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
jButton.setBounds(100,100,200,50);
setTitle("弹窗");
setBounds(100,100,400,400);
setVisible(true);
//设置窗体可关闭
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//设置一个容器
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//设置绝对布局
container.setLayout(null);
//添加按钮至容器中
container.add(jButton);
//添加点击按钮的事件
jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {//监听器
new MyDialogDemo();
}
});
}
}
//弹窗窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JFrame{
public MyDialogDemo(){
setTitle("小窗体");
setVisible(true);
setBounds(150,150,200,100);
add(new JLabel("欢迎来到小梁的弹窗界面",0));
}
}
标签(JLabel)
JLabel
new JLabel("文本");
面板(JPanel)
public class TestJPanel extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestJPanel();
}
public TestJPanel() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后面两个参数为上下间距
JPanel jPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));
JPanel jPane2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,3));
JPanel jPane3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,1));
JPanel jPane4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,2));
add(jPanel);
add(jPane2);
add(jPane3);
add(jPane4);
jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));
jPane2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPane2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPane2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPane2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPane2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPane2.add(new JButton("2"));
jPane3.add(new JButton("3"));
jPane3.add(new JButton("3"));
jPane3.add(new JButton("3"));
jPane4.add(new JButton("4"));
jPane4.add(new JButton("4"));
jPane4.add(new JButton("4"));
jPane4.add(new JButton("4"));
setVisible(true);
setBounds(200,200,400,400);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
JScrollPanel
public class TestScrollPanel extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestScrollPanel();
}
public TestScrollPanel() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();//实例化容器
JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea();//设置的文本域
JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);//设置滚动窗格并且将文本域放进去
container.add(jScrollPane);//将窗格放置容器内
setBounds(200,200,300,300);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
按钮(JButton)
public class TestImageButton extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestImageButton();
}
public TestImageButton() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
JButton jButton = new JButton();
//将图片变为图标
URL resource = TestImageButton.class.getResource("text.png");
Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);
jButton.setIcon(icon);
jButton.setToolTipText("这是一个图片按钮");
container.add(jButton);
setBounds(200,200,400,400);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
单选按钮(JRadioButton)
public class TestJButton extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestJButton();
}
public TestJButton() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//单选框
JRadioButton radioButton01 = new JRadioButton("btn1");
JRadioButton radioButton02 = new JRadioButton("btn2");
JRadioButton radioButton03 = new JRadioButton("btn3");
//将按钮添加到组内
ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();
group.add(radioButton01);
group.add(radioButton02);
group.add(radioButton03);
container.add(radioButton01,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(radioButton02,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(radioButton03,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(100,100,400,400);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
多选按钮(JCheckBox)
public class TestJButton extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestJButton();
}
public TestJButton() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//多选框
JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("checkbox1");
JCheckBox checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("checkbox2");
JCheckBox checkBox3 = new JCheckBox("checkbox3");
container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
container.add(checkBox2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
container.add(checkBox3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(100,100,400,400);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
下拉框(jComboBox)
public class TestList extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestList();
}
public TestList() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
Panel panel = new Panel();
JComboBox jComboBox = new JComboBox();
panel.setSize(100,50);
panel.add(jComboBox);
container.add(panel);
jComboBox.addItem("正在热映");
jComboBox.addItem("已下架");
jComboBox.addItem("即将上映");
setVisible(true);
setBounds(200,200,400,400);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
应用场景
选择地区或者一些单个选项
列表框(JList)
public class TestJList extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestJList();
}
public TestJList() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//创建一个适量
Vector vector = new Vector();
//创建一个列表
JList jList = new JList(vector);
//添加内容
vector.add("张三");
vector.add("李四");
vector.add("王五");
//将列表添加到容器当中
container.add(jList);
setVisible(true);
setBounds(200,200,400,400);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
应用场景
展示信息，一般是动态扩容
文本框(JTextField)
public class TestJText extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new TestJText();
}
public TestJText() {
Container container = this.getContentPane();
//设置绝对布局
container.setLayout(null);
//文本框
JTextField jTextField = new JTextField("这是一个文本框",20);
jTextField.setBounds(10,10,150,50);
container.add(jTextField);
//密码框
JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();
jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*');
jPasswordField.setBounds(10,70,150,50);
container.add(jPasswordField);
//文本域
JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea("这是一个文本域");
jTextArea.setBounds(10,130,150,100);
container.add(jTextArea);
setBounds(200,200,300,300);
setVisible(true);
setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
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