电子材料与器件计算方法基础——学习使用nwchem——homework3_2

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

(b)

在目录下创建nwchem与tmp文件夹
修改run_job.sh如下:

#!/bin/bash

nohup /opt/nwchem/bin/LINUX64/nwchem Benzene.nw >& 1.out &

修改Benzene.nw文件中路径

permanent_dir /home/dft_user26/home_work3/problem_2/problem_2/nwchem
scratch_dir /home/dft_user26/home_work3/problem_2/problem_2/tmp

运行程序

bash run_job.sh

运行完成后,打开1.out文件查看结果

搜索关键词Root,可查看相应的激发态
得到如下结果:
单重态

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   1 singlet a              0.195708784 a.u.                5.3255 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments    X  0.00000   Y -0.00000   Z -0.00000
     Transition Moments   XX  0.00000  XY  0.00000  XZ  0.00000
     Transition Moments   YY -0.00000  YZ -0.00000  ZZ  0.00000
     Dipole Oscillator Strength                         0.00000

     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   22  a     -0.70653
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   23  a      0.70653
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   2 singlet a              0.201045907 a.u.                5.4707 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments    X  0.00000   Y  0.00000   Z  0.00000
     Transition Moments   XX  0.00000  XY  0.00000  XZ -0.00000
     Transition Moments   YY -0.00000  YZ  0.00000  ZZ -0.00000
     Dipole Oscillator Strength                         0.00000

     Occ.   16  a   ---  Virt.   36  a      0.06857
     Occ.   17  a   ---  Virt.   32  a      0.05767
     Occ.   18  a   ---  Virt.   31  a     -0.05767
     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   25  a     -0.13947
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   23  a     -0.68758
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   22  a     -0.68758
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   3 singlet a              0.271514533 a.u.                7.3883 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments    X  0.00000   Y  2.27580   Z -0.00000
     Transition Moments   XX -0.00000  XY  0.00000  XZ  0.00000
     Transition Moments   YY -0.00000  YZ  0.00000  ZZ -0.00000
     Dipole Oscillator Strength                         0.93750

     Occ.   12  a   ---  Virt.   29  a      0.05483
     Occ.   14  a   ---  Virt.   34  a     -0.06791
     Occ.   15  a   ---  Virt.   33  a      0.06791
     Occ.   16  a   ---  Virt.   28  a     -0.09259
     Occ.   16  a   ---  Virt.   34  a      0.07716
     Occ.   17  a   ---  Virt.   31  a     -0.10474
     Occ.   17  a   ---  Virt.   35  a     -0.07663
     Occ.   18  a   ---  Virt.   32  a      0.10474
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   22  a      0.67952
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   23  a      0.67952
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   4 singlet a              0.271514535 a.u.                7.3883 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments    X -2.27580   Y  0.00000   Z  0.00000
     Transition Moments   XX -0.00000  XY  0.00000  XZ  0.00000
     Transition Moments   YY  0.00000  YZ  0.00000  ZZ -0.00000
     Dipole Oscillator Strength                         0.93750

     Occ.   12  a   ---  Virt.   28  a     -0.05483
     Occ.   14  a   ---  Virt.   33  a     -0.06791
     Occ.   15  a   ---  Virt.   34  a     -0.06791
     Occ.   16  a   ---  Virt.   29  a     -0.09259
     Occ.   16  a   ---  Virt.   33  a     -0.07716
     Occ.   17  a   ---  Virt.   32  a     -0.10474
     Occ.   18  a   ---  Virt.   31  a     -0.10474
     Occ.   18  a   ---  Virt.   35  a      0.07663
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   23  a     -0.67952
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   22  a      0.67952
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   5 singlet a              0.337087837 a.u.                9.1726 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments    X  0.00000   Y -0.00000   Z  0.00000
     Transition Moments   XX -4.42936  XY -0.00001  XZ  0.00000
     Transition Moments   YY  4.42936  YZ  0.00000  ZZ  0.00000
     Dipole Oscillator Strength                         0.00000

     Occ.   13  a   ---  Virt.   34  a     -0.05712
     Occ.   15  a   ---  Virt.   35  a      0.06288
     Occ.   16  a   ---  Virt.   32  a     -0.13127
     Occ.   17  a   ---  Virt.   33  a     -0.05745
     Occ.   17  a   ---  Virt.   36  a     -0.07859
     Occ.   18  a   ---  Virt.   34  a     -0.05745
     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   22  a      0.88340
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   25  a      0.39076
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   6 singlet a              0.337087839 a.u.                9.1726 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments    X  0.00000   Y -0.00000   Z  0.00000
     Transition Moments   XX  0.00001  XY -4.42936  XZ -0.00000
     Transition Moments   YY -0.00001  YZ -0.00000  ZZ  0.00000
     Dipole Oscillator Strength                         0.00000

     Occ.   13  a   ---  Virt.   33  a     -0.05712
     Occ.   14  a   ---  Virt.   35  a     -0.06288
     Occ.   16  a   ---  Virt.   31  a      0.13127
     Occ.   17  a   ---  Virt.   34  a     -0.05745
     Occ.   18  a   ---  Virt.   33  a      0.05745
     Occ.   18  a   ---  Virt.   36  a     -0.07859
     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   23  a     -0.88340
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   25  a     -0.39076
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   7 singlet a              0.354630769 a.u.                9.6500 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments    X  0.00000   Y -0.00000   Z  0.00000
     Transition Moments   XX -0.00000  XY -0.00000  XZ -0.66192
     Transition Moments   YY -0.00000  YZ -0.00000  ZZ -0.00000
     Dipole Oscillator Strength                         0.00000

     Occ.   12  a   ---  Virt.   22  a      0.06165
     Occ.   14  a   ---  Virt.   23  a     -0.12883
     Occ.   15  a   ---  Virt.   22  a      0.12883
     Occ.   16  a   ---  Virt.   23  a     -0.27653
     Occ.   18  a   ---  Virt.   25  a      0.18153
     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   26  a      0.21831
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   29  a      0.15119
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   24  a      0.86599
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   28  a     -0.15119
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   8 singlet a              0.354630771 a.u.                9.6500 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments    X  0.00000   Y -0.00000   Z  0.00000
     Transition Moments   XX  0.00000  XY -0.00000  XZ  0.00000
     Transition Moments   YY -0.00000  YZ -0.66192  ZZ  0.00000
     Dipole Oscillator Strength                         0.00000

     Occ.   12  a   ---  Virt.   23  a      0.06165
     Occ.   14  a   ---  Virt.   22  a     -0.12883
     Occ.   15  a   ---  Virt.   23  a     -0.12883
     Occ.   16  a   ---  Virt.   22  a      0.27653
     Occ.   17  a   ---  Virt.   25  a      0.18153
     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   27  a      0.21831
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   24  a      0.86599
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   28  a      0.15119
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   29  a      0.15119

三重态

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   1 triplet a              0.074348521 a.u.                2.0231 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments                    Spin forbidden
     Oscillator Strength                   Spin forbidden

     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   25  a      0.28613
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   23  a      0.67056
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   47  a     -0.06563
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   22  a      0.67056
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   48  a     -0.06563
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   2 triplet a              0.148608157 a.u.                4.0438 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments                    Spin forbidden
     Oscillator Strength                   Spin forbidden

     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   23  a      0.70449
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   22  a     -0.70449
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   3 triplet a              0.148608157 a.u.                4.0438 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments                    Spin forbidden
     Oscillator Strength                   Spin forbidden

     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   22  a     -0.70449
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   23  a     -0.70449
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   4 triplet a              0.186462043 a.u.                5.0739 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments                    Spin forbidden
     Oscillator Strength                   Spin forbidden

     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   22  a     -0.70689
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   23  a      0.70689
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   5 triplet a              0.219201583 a.u.                5.9648 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments                    Spin forbidden
     Oscillator Strength                   Spin forbidden

     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   22  a      0.78309
     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   48  a     -0.06800
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   25  a      0.60402
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   49  a     -0.06391
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   6 triplet a              0.219201583 a.u.                5.9648 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments                    Spin forbidden
     Oscillator Strength                   Spin forbidden

     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   23  a      0.78309
     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   47  a     -0.06800
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   25  a      0.60402
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   49  a     -0.06391
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   7 triplet a              0.337007403 a.u.                9.1704 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments                    Spin forbidden
     Oscillator Strength                   Spin forbidden

     Occ.    8  a   ---  Virt.   22  a     -0.06215
     Occ.    9  a   ---  Virt.   23  a     -0.06215
     Occ.   10  a   ---  Virt.   25  a      0.08580
     Occ.   12  a   ---  Virt.   23  a     -0.06440
     Occ.   14  a   ---  Virt.   22  a      0.28514
     Occ.   15  a   ---  Virt.   23  a      0.28514
     Occ.   16  a   ---  Virt.   22  a     -0.63262
     Occ.   16  a   ---  Virt.   48  a      0.06497
     Occ.   17  a   ---  Virt.   25  a     -0.41525
     Occ.   17  a   ---  Virt.   49  a      0.05947
     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   27  a     -0.08358
     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   32  a     -0.10846
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   24  a     -0.24496
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   28  a     -0.25097
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   34  a      0.10173
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   29  a     -0.25097
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   33  a     -0.10173
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   36  a     -0.05781
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Root   8 triplet a              0.337007407 a.u.                9.1704 eV
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Transition Moments                    Spin forbidden
     Oscillator Strength                   Spin forbidden

     Occ.    8  a   ---  Virt.   23  a     -0.06215
     Occ.    9  a   ---  Virt.   22  a      0.06215
     Occ.   11  a   ---  Virt.   25  a      0.08580
     Occ.   12  a   ---  Virt.   22  a     -0.06440
     Occ.   14  a   ---  Virt.   23  a      0.28514
     Occ.   15  a   ---  Virt.   22  a     -0.28514
     Occ.   16  a   ---  Virt.   23  a      0.63262
     Occ.   16  a   ---  Virt.   47  a     -0.06497
     Occ.   18  a   ---  Virt.   25  a     -0.41525
     Occ.   18  a   ---  Virt.   49  a      0.05947
     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   26  a     -0.08358
     Occ.   19  a   ---  Virt.   31  a      0.10846
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   29  a     -0.25097
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   33  a     -0.10173
     Occ.   20  a   ---  Virt.   36  a      0.05781
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   24  a     -0.24496
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   28  a      0.25097
     Occ.   21  a   ---  Virt.   34  a     -0.10173

所以对于第一问有:
得到了8个激发态,其激发能如下:
单重态:

  1. 5.3255 eV
  2. 5.4707 eV
  3. 7.3883 eV
  4. 7.3883 eV
  5. 9.1726 eV
  6. 9.1726 eV
  7. 9.6500 eV
  8. 9.6500 eV

三重态:
9. 2.0231 eV
10. 4.0438 eV
11. 4.0438 eV
12. 5.0739 eV
13. 5.9648 eV
14. 5.9648 eV
15. 9.1704 eV
16. 9.1704 eV

(c)

在对称性相同的激发态之间,电偶极矩不会发生变化,因此它们之间的跃迁不会导致偶极跃迁。

在本题中,单重态的 1、2、5、6、7、8 号激发态的激发能与基态有较大的能量差异,因此它们的跃迁对应的波长可能在紫外光区域。而三重态的 2、4、5、6、7、8 号激发态的激发能与基态有较小的能量差异,因此它们的跃迁对应的波长可能在可见光区域。

因为只有在电偶极矩发生变化的激发态之间才会发生光激发导致的电偶极跃迁,因此在单重态中只有第 3 和第 4 号激发态及在三重态中只有第 2 号激发态满足电偶极跃迁选择定则。这是因为这些激发态的电偶极矩与基态不同,可能发生光激发导致的偶极跃迁。

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