【孟德尔随机化】1400代谢组学分类

原文：Assessing the potential causal effects of 1099 plasma metabolites on 2099 binary disease endpoints

We previously conducted GWAS for 1099 named plasma metabolites with annotated chemical identities in up to 6136 Finnish men aged 45–74 at enrollment from the METSIM study17. These 1099 metabolites included nine biochemical classes of small molecules related to the metabolisms of lipids (n = 548, 49.9%), amino acids (n = 215, 19.6%), xenobiotics (n = 163, 14.8%), peptides (n = 42, 3.8%), nucleotides (n = 42, 3.8%), cofactors and vitamins (n = 38, 3.5%), carbohydrates
(n = 25, 2.3%), partially-characterized molecules (n = 16, 1.5%), and energy (n = 10, 0.9%) (Supplementary Data 1).

我们之前在METSIM研究中招募了6136名年龄在45-74岁之间的芬兰男性，对1099种具有注释化学特性的命名血浆代谢物进行了GWAS 17。这1099种代谢物包括与脂质代谢（n=548，49.9%）、氨基酸代谢（n=215，19.6%）、外源性物质代谢（n=163，14.8%）、肽代谢（n=42，3.8%）、核苷酸代谢（n=42,3.8%）、辅因子和维生素代谢（n=38，3.5%）、碳水化合物代谢相关的9类生化小分子（n=25，2.3%）、部分表征分子（n=16，1.5%）和能量（n=10，0.9%）（补充数据1）。

Metabolite ID	Metabolite name	Metabolite class	Metabolite subclass
C100000011	phenylacetate	Amino_Acid	Phenylalanine Metabolism
C100000015	xanthurenate	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100000036	3-methyl-2-oxovalerate	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100000039	methionine sulfoxide	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C100000042	3-methylhistidine	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100000054	5-hydroxylysine	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C100000096	4-guanidinobutanoate	Amino_Acid	Guanidino and Acetamido Metabolism
C100000263	imidazole lactate	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100000265	kynurenine	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100000282	N-acetylglutamate	Amino_Acid	Glutamate Metabolism
C100000285	N-alpha-acetylornithine	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100000447	gentisate	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100000454	5-aminovalerate	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C100000463	indolelactate	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100000467	3-indoxyl sulfate	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100000551	4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100000706	alpha-hydroxyisocaproate	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100000708	isovalerate (i5:0)	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100000715	1-methylguanidine	Amino_Acid	Guanidino and Acetamido Metabolism
C100000774	phenyllactate (PLA)	Amino_Acid	Phenylalanine Metabolism
C100000787	N-acetylaspartate (NAA)	Amino_Acid	Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism
C100000808	cysteine s-sulfate	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C100000936	3-methyl-2-oxobutyrate	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100000961	homoarginine	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100000963	homocitrulline	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100001006	N-acetylglycine	Amino_Acid	Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism
C100001034	indoleacetate	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100001051	1-methylhistidine	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100001055	isobutyrylcarnitine (C4)	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100001083	indolepropionate	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100001104	N-acetyltyrosine	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100001167	pro-hydroxy-pro	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100001170	3-hydroxy-2-ethylpropionate	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100001208	1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetate	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100001212	guanidinosuccinate	Amino_Acid	Guanidino and Acetamido Metabolism
C100001253	N-acetylglutamine	Amino_Acid	Glutamate Metabolism
C100001254	N-acetyltryptophan	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100001256	N-acetylphenylalanine	Amino_Acid	Phenylalanine Metabolism
C100001266	N-acetylarginine	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100001274	N-acetylthreonine	Amino_Acid	Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism
C100001276	N-acetylisoleucine	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100001293	N-acetylhistidine	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100001300	alpha-hydroxyisovalerate	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100001393	isovalerylcarnitine (C5)	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100001437	cysteine-glutathione disulfide	Amino_Acid	Glutathione Metabolism
C100001452	isovalerylglycine	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100001509	2-methylbutyrylcarnitine (C5)	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100001510	phenol sulfate	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100001540	pyroglutamine*	Amino_Acid	Glutamate Metabolism
C100001541	2-hydroxy-3-methylvalerate	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100001577	N-acetylcitrulline	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100001590	isobutyrylglycine	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100001593	glutarylcarnitine (C5-DC)	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C100001594	beta-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100001597	tiglylcarnitine (C5:1-DC)	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100001612	N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (NAAG)	Amino_Acid	Glutamate Metabolism
C100001668	1-ribosyl-imidazoleacetate*	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100001731	indoleacetylglutamine	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100001734	N6-acetyllysine	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C100001743	tryptophan betaine	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100001810	dimethylarginine (SDMA + ADMA)	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100001851	N-acetylserine	Amino_Acid	Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism
C100001956	N-methylproline	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100002103	5-methylthioribose**	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C100002113	cysteine sulfinic acid	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C100002183	S-methylmethionine	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C100002185	indole-3-carboxylate	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100002204	N-acetyl-3-methylhistidine*	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100002249	N-acetyl-cadaverine	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C100002397	alpha-ketoglutaramate*	Amino_Acid	Glutamate Metabolism
C100002458	3-methylglutaconate	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100002462	5-(galactosylhydroxy)-L-lysine	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C100002466	cysteinylglycine disulfide*	Amino_Acid	Glutathione Metabolism
C100002500	formiminoglutamate	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100002514	hydantoin-5-propionate	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100002544	4-hydroxyglutamate	Amino_Acid	Glutamate Metabolism
C100002679	gamma-carboxyglutamate	Amino_Acid	Glutamate Metabolism
C100002749	S-methylcysteine	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C100002769	argininate*	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100002784	2-oxoarginine*	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100002910	1-methyl-5-imidazoleacetate	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100002927	S-methylcysteine sulfoxide	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C100003260	carboxyethyl-GABA	Amino_Acid	Glutamate Metabolism
C100003271	beta-citrylglutamate	Amino_Acid	Glutamate Metabolism
C100003415	N6-methyllysine	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C100003434	imidazole propionate	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100003892	lanthionine	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C100004046	N-acetylcarnosine	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100004056	N-methyltaurine	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C100004299	N-acetyl-1-methylhistidine*	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100004499	6-oxopiperidine-2-carboxylate	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C100004523	N-delta-acetylornithine	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100004541	acisoga	Amino_Acid	Polyamine Metabolism
C100004561	N-formylanthranilic acid	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100004575	N2,N5-diacetylornithine	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100004634	3-methoxytyramine sulfate	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100004635	methionine sulfone	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C100005373	fructosyllysine	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C100005466	N-acetyltaurine	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C100005850	3-methylglutarylcarnitine (2)	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100006056	N-formylphenylalanine	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100006092	tyramine O-sulfate	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100006123	N-acetylhistamine	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C100006129	vanillactate	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100006191	p-cresol glucuronide*	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100006262	4-methoxyphenol sulfate	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100006360	dopamine 4-sulfate	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100006361	dopamine 3-O-sulfate	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100006378	N-acetylkynurenine (2)	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100006379	C-glycosyltryptophan	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100006679	phenol glucuronide	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100008928	2-hydroxybutyrate/2-hydroxyisobutyrate	Amino_Acid	Glutathione Metabolism
C100009042	5-hydroxyindole sulfate	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100009043	7-hydroxyindole sulfate	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100009246	2-methylserine	Amino_Acid	Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism
C100009326	catechol glucuronide	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100010863	indolepropionylglycine	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100015962	N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovalerate	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C100016038	(N(1) + N(8))-acetylspermidine	Amino_Acid	Polyamine Metabolism
C100020205	hydroxyasparagine**	Amino_Acid	Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism
C100020215	N-methylhydroxyproline**	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100020217	N,N,N-trimethyl-alanylproline betaine (TMAP)	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100020351	N-carbamoylvaline	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100020360	8-methoxykynurenate	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100020361	3-amino-2-piperidone	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C100020371	N,N-dimethylalanine	Amino_Acid	Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism
C100020414	6-bromotryptophan	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100020417	N6,N6-dimethyllysine	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C100020419	1-carboxyethylphenylalanine	Amino_Acid	Phenylalanine Metabolism
C100020421	1-carboxyethyltyrosine	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C100020423	1-carboxyethylvaline	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100020425	1-carboxyethylleucine	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100020427	1-carboxyethylisoleucine	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100020479	indoleacetoylcarnitine*	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100020487	N-acetyl-isoputreanine	Amino_Acid	Polyamine Metabolism
C100020511	5-hydroxyindole glucuronide	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C100020546	N2-acetyl,N6-methyllysine	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C100020833	2-ketocaprylate	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C100020893	2,3-dihydroxy-5-methylthio-4-pentenoate (DMTPA)*	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C100021123	hydroxy-N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine*	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C100021372	2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C1001	trans-4-hydroxyproline	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C1021	5-oxoproline	Amino_Acid	Glutathione Metabolism
C1022	picolinate	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C1023	sarcosine	Amino_Acid	Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism
C1025	pipecolate	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C1082	N-acetylleucine	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C1083	N-acetylmethionine	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C1084	N-acetylvaline	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C1094	thyroxine	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C111	3-hydroxyisobutyrate	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C1110	N-acetylalanine	Amino_Acid	Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism
C1111	vanillylmandelate (VMA)	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C1113	4-acetamidobutanoate	Amino_Acid	Polyamine Metabolism
C1128	2-aminobutyrate	Amino_Acid	Glutathione Metabolism
C1141	4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C1161	tigloylglycine	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C117	homovanillate (HVA)	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C1221	creatine	Amino_Acid	Creatine Metabolism
C1224	cys-gly, oxidized	Amino_Acid	Glutathione Metabolism
C1258	anthranilate	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C1342	3-methoxytyrosine	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C144	4-hydroxyphenylacetate	Amino_Acid	Phenylalanine Metabolism
C1442	beta-hydroxyisovalerate	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C189	N6,N6,N6-trimethyllysine	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C192	N-acetylputrescine	Amino_Acid	Polyamine Metabolism
C194	N-formylmethionine	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C197	S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH)	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C2051	methylsuccinate	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C2054	ethylmalonate	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C212	5-methylthioadenosine (MTA)	Amino_Acid	Polyamine Metabolism
C231	arginine	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C232	argininosuccinate	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C234	aspartate	Amino_Acid	Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism
C235	2-hydroxyphenylacetate	Amino_Acid	Phenylalanine Metabolism
C240	3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate	Amino_Acid	Tyrosine Metabolism
C241	phenylpyruvate	Amino_Acid	Phenylalanine Metabolism
C275	creatinine	Amino_Acid	Creatine Metabolism
C278	cysteinylglycine	Amino_Acid	Glutathione Metabolism
C279	cystine	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C310	cystathionine	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C340	glycine	Amino_Acid	Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism
C344	guanidinoacetate	Amino_Acid	Creatine Metabolism
C35	S-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate	Amino_Acid	Glutamate Metabolism
C355	histidine	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C358	hypotaurine	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C376	isoleucine	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C381	2-aminoadipate	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C391	citrulline	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C397	leucine	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C407	lysine	Amino_Acid	Lysine Metabolism
C415	methionine	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C444	ornithine	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C460	phenylalanine	Amino_Acid	Phenylalanine Metabolism
C480	proline	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C50	spermidine	Amino_Acid	Polyamine Metabolism
C503	serine	Amino_Acid	Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism
C504	serotonin	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C512	taurine	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C533	urea	Amino_Acid	Urea cycle; Arginine and Proline Metabolism
C537	trans-urocanate	Amino_Acid	Histidine Metabolism
C561	glutamate	Amino_Acid	Glutamate Metabolism
C563	glutamine	Amino_Acid	Glutamate Metabolism
C564	threonine	Amino_Acid	Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism
C565	tryptophan	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C566	valine	Amino_Acid	Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine Metabolism
C71	5-hydroxyindoleacetate	Amino_Acid	Tryptophan Metabolism
C796	alpha-ketobutyrate	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C799	betaine	Amino_Acid	Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism
C800	cysteine	Amino_Acid	Methionine, Cysteine, SAM and Taurine Metabolism
C806	dimethylglycine	Amino_Acid	Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism
C811	alanine	Amino_Acid	Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism<